Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2019
Sammendrag
Knowledge of soil microtopography and its changes in space and over time is important to the understanding of how tillage influences infiltration, runoff generation and erosion. In this study, the use of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) is assessed for its ability to quantify small changes in the soil surface at high spatial resolutions for a relatively large surface area (100 m2). Changes in soil surface morphology during snow cover and melt are driven by frost heave, slaking, pressure exertion by the snowpack and overland flow (erosion and deposition). An attempt is undertaken to link these processes to observed changes at the soil surface. A new algorithm for soil surface roughness is introduced to make optimal use of the raw point cloud. This algorithm is less scale dependent than several commonly used roughness calculations. The results of this study show that TLSs can be used for multitemporal scanning of large surfaces and that small changes in surface elevation and roughness can be detected. Statistical analysis of the observed changes against terrain indices did not yield significant evidence for process differentiation.
Forfattere
Fatima Heinicke Xiangfu Zhong Manuela Zucknick Johannes Breidenbach Arvind Yegambaram Meenakshi Sundaram Siri Tennebø Flåm Magnus Leithaug Marianne Dalland Andrew Farmer Jordana M. Henderson Melanie A. Hussong Pamela Moll Loan Nguyen Amanda McNulty Jonathan M. Shaffer Sabrina Shore Hoichong Karen Yip Jana Vitkovska Simon Rayner Benedicte Alexandra Lie Gregor Duncan GilfillanSammendrag
High-throughput sequencing is increasingly favoured to assay the presence and abundance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in biological samples, even from low RNA amounts, and a number of commercial vendors now offer kits that allow miRNA sequencing from sub-nanogram (ng) inputs. Although biases introduced during library preparation have been documented, the relative performance of current reagent kits has not been investigated in detail. Here, six commercial kits capable of handling <100ng total RNA input were used for library preparation, performed by kit manufactures, on synthetic miRNAs of known quantities and human total RNA samples. We compared the performance of miRNA detection sensitivity, reliability, titration response and the ability to detect differentially expressed miRNAs. In addition, we assessed the use of unique molecular identifiers (UMI) sequence tags in one kit. We observed differences in detection sensitivity and ability to identify differentially expressed miRNAs between the kits, but none were able to detect the full repertoire of synthetic miRNAs. The reliability within the replicates of all kits was good, while larger differences were observed between the kits, although none could accurately quantify the relative levels of the majority of miRNAs. UMI tags, at least within the input ranges tested, offered little advantage to improve data utility. In conclusion, biases in miRNA abundance are heavily influenced by the kit used for library preparation, suggesting that comparisons of datasets prepared by different procedures should be made with caution. This article is intended to assist researchers select the most appropriate kit for their experimental conditions.
Forfattere
Ingun Grimstad Klepp Vilde Anine Rydal Haugrønning Gunnar Vittersø Lise Grøva Elin KubberødSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Janneche Utne Skåre Jan Alexander Marte Haave Ignacy Jakubowicz Helle Katrine Knutsen Amy Lusher Martin Ogonowski Kirsten Eline Rakkestad Ida Skaar Line Emilie Sverdrup Martin Wagner Angelika Agdestein Johanna Eva Bodin Edel O. Elvevoll Gro Ingunn Hemre Dag Olav Hessen Merete Hofshagen Trine Husøy Åshild Krogdahl Asbjørn Magne Nilsen Trond Rafoss Olaug Taran Skjerdal Inger-Lise Steffensen Tor A Strand Vigdis Vandvik Yngvild WastesonSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Heidi Udnes AamotSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Sammendrag
At the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO, formerly Bioforsk), biochar has been a topic of research since 2009 through both laboratory and field studies. Initial results demonstrated that biochar produced from clean biomass is safe to use on agricultural soils, and that pyrolysis temperatures of ≥370 °C are necessary for producing biochar that is resistant to decomposition on a timescale of 100 years. Further work identified the chemical transformations that are responsible for biochar stability and contributed to finding the best indicator of this stability. Throughout the years, we have had close collaboration with industry and farmers in Norway, where now industrial networks are in action and there is financial support for the implementation of biochar technology. Despite the convincing benefits of biochar as a climate mitigation solution, it has only slowly advanced beyond the research stage, notably because its effect on yield are too modest. There is therefore a need for win-win biochar solutions benefiting both food production and climate mitigation. Such a solution is the development of biochar fertilizers, which capitalizes on the capacity of biochar to capture and release nutrients. As biochar properties largely depend on pyrolysis conditions and feedstock properties, our current work contributes to the selective design of biochars for the purpose of improving nutrient use efficiency.
Konferanseforedrag – Are epigenetic effects in Norway spruce present after age 2 years?
Tore Skrøppa
Forfattere
Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
No abstract has been registered