Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2019
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Lagle Heinmaa Priit Põldma Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi Hedi Kaldmae Eivind Vangdal Ulla Kidmose Marianne Bertelsen Roberto Lo Scalzo Marta Fibiani Ulvi MoorAbstract
The aims of this study were to find out if organic apple juice (AJ) contained higher contents of polyphenols or patulin compared to conventional AJ, and if higher storage temperature before processing increases patulin content in juice. AJ was pressed from Estonian, Danish and Norwegian apples. Additionally, three cultivars from Estonian organic and conventional orchards were stored at 3±2 °C and 9±2 °C before processing. Patulin, polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity were determined in pasteurized juices. In 2015, 33% of conventional (n=6) and 46% of organic (n=11) juices contained patulin; two of the organic juices above the legal limit (191 and 64µg l-1). In 2016, none of the AJs contained patulin. Patulin occurrence was more affected by weather conditions two weeks before harvest than by cultivation system and apple storage temperature. Polyphenol content was higher in organic than in conventional juices and was reduced at higher apple storage temperature.
Authors
Bjørn Egil FløAbstract
No abstract has been registered
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Authors
Fasil Eregno Arve HeistadAbstract
The transmission of pathogens from partially or fully treated wastewater to different water sources are a pervasive risk to public health. To reduce the risk, the integration of source separation, on-site greywater treatment system, and an efficient disposal scheme are the most critical approaches. This study intended to evaluate the removal of nutrient and microbial suspension in the filtration systems used for effluent disposal. The effluent from an on-site greywater treatment plant was loaded into the columns, and the effluent from the columns was monitored for nutrients, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium phage 28B (St28B) for one year. Thus, from the range of infiltration systems tested, column-B (15 cm layer of each, Filtralite, fine sand, and till soil) showed the highest removal of total coliforms and E. coli, 3–4 log10 reduction, while the lowest removal observed in column-C (a layer of 25 cm crushed stone and 50 cm till soil), 2–3 log10 reduction. The virus removal efficiency of the columns reduced from 19% to 70% during the simulation of a rainfall event. Moreover, the rise of St28B concentration after rainfall experiment may probably the sign of detachment enhanced by low ionic strength rainwater.
Authors
Carrie Joy Andrew Ulf Büntgen Simon Egli Beatrice Senn-Irlet John-Arvid Grytnes Jacob Heilmann-Clausen Lynne Boddy Claus Bässler Alan C. Gange Einar Heegaard Klaus Høiland Paul M. Kirk Irmgard Krisai-Greilhüber Thomas W. Kuyper Håvard KauserudAbstract
Premise of the Study Fungal diversity (richness) trends at large scales are in urgent need of investigation, especially through novel situations that combine long‐term observational with environmental and remotely sensed open‐source data. Methods We modeled fungal richness, with collections‐based records of saprotrophic (decaying) and ectomycorrhizal (plant mutualistic) fungi, using an array of environmental variables across geographical gradients from northern to central Europe. Temporal differences in covariables granted insight into the impacts of the shorter‐ versus longer‐term environment on fungal richness. Results Fungal richness varied significantly across different land‐use types, with highest richness in forests and lowest in urban areas. Latitudinal trends supported a unimodal pattern in diversity across Europe. Temperature, both annual mean and range, was positively correlated with richness, indicating the importance of seasonality in increasing richness amounts. Precipitation seasonality notably affected saprotrophic fungal diversity (a unimodal relationship), as did daily precipitation of the collection day (negatively correlated). Ectomycorrhizal fungal richness differed from that of saprotrophs by being positively associated with tree species richness. Discussion Our results demonstrate that fungal richness is strongly correlated with land use and climate conditions, especially concerning seasonality, and that ongoing global change processes will affect fungal richness patterns at large scales.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Charlotte Grosse Warren J. Grigsby Marion Noël Andreas Treu Marie-France Thévenon Philippe GérardinAbstract
When exposed to moisture, wood undergoes swelling and is susceptible to fungal degradation. Chemical modification via oligomeric lactic acid (OLA) treatment has been found to be a promising environmentally friendly solution to this disadvantage. In this study, wood was impregnated with OLA and then variously heat treated to polymerize the OLA in situ. The effect of curing temperature and time on OLA polymerization has been determined chemically. Dimensional stability was examined by water immersion and hygroscopicity measurements and biological decay resistance also evaluated. OLA impregnation followed by heat treatment enhanced wood properties. OLA cure at 160 °C for 48 h resulted in treated wood with greater dimensional stability and biological resistance.
Authors
Gunnhild SøgaardAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered