Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2014
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Authors
Ermias Deribe Alemayehu Esayas Masresha Peder August Gade Siri Berger Bjørn Olav Rosseland Reidar Borgstrøm Elias Dadebo Gebremariam Zinabu Ole Martin Eklo Lindis Skipperud Brit SalbuAbstract
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Studies examining the effect of biochar on N2O turnover in soil have demonstrated that biochar affects both the rate and product ratio of denitrification. The mechanisms proposed include pH effects on N2O reductase , sorption of N2O and electron shuttling to N2O reductases. Recent studies suggest that pyrolysis alters the redox chemistry of biochar leading to the formation of redox active compounds which are thought to mediate the observed suppression of N2O in biochar amended soil. Redox active components however may not only be of significance to biological processes but also catalyze abiotic reactions of N-species which could confound the estimation of biological effects. Here we report experiments designed to examined abiotic interaction between biochar and NO in anoxic water slurries with biochar of increasing pyrolysis temperature. We determined the fate of NO added to the headspace of closed anoxic bottles using high frequency measurements of NO, N2O and N2. Our initial results show a swift disappearance of added NO which can not entirely be attributed to sorption to the biochar. Small but constant quantities of N2O were generated after NO addition indicating abiotic turnover of NO by biochar. NO is an important signal molecule in the regulation of denitrification and hence it is important to elucidate possible abiotic feedbacks of NO reactions in soil. The results will be discussed relative to the redox properties of the biochars tested.
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Biancha CavicchiAbstract
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Authors
Javier Arevalo Pradipta Halder Jarmo Kortelainen Blas Mola YudegoAbstract
There is a need to better understand the increasingly interrelated system of national, regional and international initiatives and institutions that deal with bioenergy governance. Significant effort from various international organisations and partnerships (e.g. European Union, International Energy Agency, Global Bioenergy Partnership, Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels) has been directed in recent years to ensure the sustainability of bioenergy production through criteria and indicators and through the promotion of research on aspects such as the impact on livelihoods, food price as well as energy security. In this context, the paper examines bioenergy‐related conflicts with wide international ramifications from the perspective of the regulatory framework and its relation to global bioenergy governance processes. Special attention is paid to issues of large‐scale bioenergy developments in places like Africa, which are affected by support schemes of developed countries such as those from the European Union to meet targets for renewable energy and particularly biofuel production. The study concludes with the proposal of an overarching framework for the analysis of bioenergy governance, and with suggestions for further research.
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Authors
Alice BudaiAbstract
Bakgrunn: Hvordan skal vi skaffe nok mat til en økende mengde av mennesker? Hvordan skal vi produsere mer mat uten å ødelegge miljøet? Jeg har vokst opp i forskjellige land hvor jeg opplevde store forskjeller når det gjelder hvilken tilgang folk hadde til god, trygg og sunn mat og andre ressurser. Denne erfaringen har vært avgjørende for min interesse for miljø. I mange år har jeg fulgt opp denne interessen, og arbeider aktivt for å bidra til en bedre verden og en bedre livskvalitet. I dag er jord en av våre viktigste ressurser og det arbeider jeg med. Mitt doktorgradsprosjekt: Når du spiser et godt måltid mat tenker du neppe på hvor mye olje eller energi som ble brukt for å produsere den. Du tenker nok heller ikke på hvor mye karbon som forsvant fra jorda bare for å skaffe nok fôr til dyrene når du spiser et kjøttmåltid. Du tenker nok heller ikke så mye på at god jord gir mer mat og bedre ernæring. Dyrking av korn, poteter og grønnsaker krever vanligvis intensiv bearbeiding av jord. Dette fører til mindre karboninnhold i jord og tap av produksjonsevne. I tillegg øker faren for klimaendring på grunn av en stadig høyere mengde av karbondioksid i atmosfæren. Jeg forsker på biokull. Med riktig bruk kan biokull bidra til økt karboninnholdet i jorda og bedre jordkvalitet. For å øke karboninnhold i jorda har bøndene alltid tilført husdyrgjødsel og annen organisk gjødsel i tillegg til avlingsrester. Men planterester bryter raskt ned og en mer effektiv måte å lagre karbon i jord er å forkulle planterester først. Bruk av biokull i jord er en urgammel jordbruksmetode som har i det siste fått stor oppmerksomhet. Hvis denne spennende teknologien skal bidra til å øke karboninnholdet i jorda, må biokullet være mer stabil mot nedbryting. Og siden matproduksjon i overskuelig fremtid er basert på fruktbar jord, må vi også teste om biokull faktisk kan gjøre jorda bedre. Mange sier at biokull er jordas nye sorte gull.
Authors
Gunnhild SøgaardAbstract
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