Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2018
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Abstract
The estimated potential yield losses caused by plant pathogens is up to 16% globally (Oerke 2006) and most research in plant pathology aims to reduce yield loss in our crops directly or indirectly. Yield losses caused by a certain disease depend not only on disease severity, but also on the weather factors, the pathogen’s aggressiveness, and the ability of the crop to compensate for reduced photosynthetic area. The yield loss-disease relationship in a certain host-pathogen system might therefore change from year to year, making predictions for yield loss very difficult at the regional or even at the farmer’s level. However, estimating yield losses is essential to determine disease management thresholds at which acute control measures such as fungicide applications, or strategic measures such as crop rotation or use of resistant cultivars are economically and environmentally sensible. Legislation in many countries enforces implementation of integrated pest management (IPM), based on economic thresholds at which the costs due to a disease justify the costs for its management. Without a better understanding of the relationship between disease epidemiology and yield loss, we remain insufficiently equipped to design adequate IPM strategies that will be widely adapted in agriculture. Crop loss studies are resource demanding and difficult to interpret for one particular disease, as crops are usually not invaded by only one pest or pathogen at a time. Combining our knowledge on disease epidemiology, crop physiology, yield development, damage mechanisms involved, and the effect of management practices can help us to increase our understanding of the disease-crop loss relationship. The main aim of this paper is to review and analyze the literature on a representative host-pathogen relationship in an important staple food crop to identify knowledge gaps and research areas to better assess yield loss and design management strategies based on economic thresholds. Wheat is one of the most important staple foods worldwide and is susceptible to several important plant diseases. In our article, we focus on Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) or Glume blotch of wheat as an example for a stubble-borne, seed-transmitted disease with a worldwide distribution causing considerable and regular yield losses. In their review on yield losses due to wheat pathogens in Australia, Murray and Brennan (2009) estimated the current annual economic loss due to SNB as high as $108 × 106, with potential costs as high as $230 × 106. The causal fungus, Parastagonospora nodorum, is currently serving as a model organism for molecular studies of the intimate relationship between necrotic effector-producing fungal strains and their corresponding susceptibility genes present in wheat cultivars (Oliver et al. 2012). In this paper, we analyze the literature on the biology of this common wheat pathogen, the yield loss it reportedly has caused, and the effect of control strategies to reduce this loss. Based on this analysis, we will evaluate the use of common management practices to reduce disease-related yield loss and identify related research needs.
Authors
Gregory Taff Yang Shao Jie Ren Ruoyu ZhangAbstract
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Editors
Arne StensvandAbstract
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© 2018 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Authors
Anita Nussbaumer Peter Waldner Vladislav Apuhtin Fatih Aytar Sue Benham Filippo Bussotti Johannes Eichhorn Nadine Eickenscheidt Petr Fabianek Lutz Falkenried Stefan Leca Martti Lindgren María José Manzano Serrano Stefan Neagu Seppo Nevalainen Jozef Pajtik Nenad Potočić Pasi Rautio Geert Sioen Vidas Stakėnas Celal Tasdemir Iben Margrete Thomsen Volkmar Timmermann Liisa Ukonmaanaho Arne Verstraeten Sören Wulff Arthur GesslerAbstract
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Authors
Svetlana Pakhomova Evgeniy Yakushev Elizaveta Protsenko Sylvain Rigaud Daniel Cossa Joel Knoery Raoul-Marie Couture Olivier Radakovitch Shamil Yakubov Dominika Krzeminska Alice NewtonAbstract
Copyright © 2018 Pakhomova, Yakushev, Protsenko, Rigaud, Cossa, Knoery, Couture, Radakovitch, Yakubov, Krzeminska and Newton. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
Authors
Tone Magnussen Anniken Førde Marit Aure Torill Nyseth Gregory TaffAbstract
No abstract has been registered