Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
1997
Authors
Arild Vatn Lars R. Bakken Halstein Lundeby Eirik Romstad Per Kr. Rørstad Arild Vold Peter BotterwegAbstract
This paper analyses a set of policy measures oriented towards reduc ing losses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and soil from agricultural land . An interdisciplinary modelling system- ECECMOD - is presented a nd a set of policy scenarios analysed. The analyses are oriented towards comparing the effects of input-oriented measures (fertilise r taxes) and policy measures directed towards more direct changes in the agronomic practices conducted on the farm. The effects on emission levels, abatement costs, and distributional effect s are documented. The trade-offs between precision and regulation costs are discussed.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Eirik Romstad Arild Vatn Jesper Werdelin SimonsenEditors
Eirik Romstad Arild VatnAbstract
This book presents analyses of the economics and policy options relat ed to nonpoint-source pollution in European agriculture. It consists of a collection of contributions delivered at a workshop under the EU concerted action "Policy Measures to Control Environmental Impacts f rom Agriculture", that was held in Oslo in January 1996. The book con tains t heoretical analyses as well as empirical studies from several European countries.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Inger Martinussen TV Bhuvaneswari Kent Peters Jarle Halvard Nilsen Lars Svensson Kåre Rapp Olavi JunttilaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Jon Anders Frank Ingvald RøsbergAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Petter Nilsen Atle Hindar Odd Eilertsen Jon Anders Frank Ingvald RøsbergAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Geir-Harald StrandAbstract
No abstract has been registered
1996
Abstract
Testicular cancer incidence is increasing rapidly in several countries. Environmental causes acting early in life are suspected but have not yet been identified. We conducted a cohort study to identify parental risk factors for testicular cancer among farmers' sons. Children born in 1952-1991 to parents who were farm holders at the time of the agricultural censuses in 1969-1989 were identified in the Central Population Register (Oslo, Norway). The resulting cohort of male offspring (n = 166,291) were followed up in the Cancer Registry of Norway (Oslo, Norway) for 1965-1991. Exposure indicators were derived from census information on activities on the farm. The cancer incidence was compared with that of the total rural population, and potential risk factors were analyzed by Poisson regression. In a follow-up of 2,924,663 person-years, 158 incident cases of testicular cancer were identified. The study population had a higher incidence of testicular cancer than did the total rural population, particularly at ages 15-19 years and in western Norway. Specific fertilizer regimens on the farm were associated with testicular cancer (rate ratio = 2.44; 95% confidence interval = 1.66-3.56), in particular nonseminoma (rate ratio = 4.21; 95% confidence interval = 2.13-8.32). The rate ratio estimates were highest for boys ages 15-19 years and for a subset of study subjects who were considered more likely to have grown up on a farm. Nondifferential misclassification and bias toward unity are likely because exposure information was available only at the farm level and only for census years. The fertilizer indicators were not available early in life for most subjects, and precise interpretations are difficult. A hypothesis worth considering is that excess nutrient run-off from agriculture constitutes a risk. However, inferences concerning the biological basis of our observations can scarcely be made.