Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2013
Authors
Dominika Srednicka-Tober Marcin Baranski Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska Krystyna Skwarlo-Sonta Ewa Rembialkowska Jana Hajslova Vera Schulzova Ismail Cakmak Levent Ozturk Tomasz Krolikowski Katarzyna Wisniewska Ewelina Hallmann Elzbieta Baca Mick Eyre Håvard Steinshamn Teresa Jordon Carlo LeifertAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Sissel Hansen Randi Berland Frøseth Anne Kjersti Bakken Hugh Riley Kristian Thorup-Kristensen Marina Azzaroli BlekenAbstract
Implications Mulching of GM herbage can increase cereal yields compared to its removal. However, the same GM herbage removed for biogas production will provide biogas residue that can be used as spring fertilizer to cereals. This will improve N-recovery and reduce the risk for N pollution. Cooperation with existing biogas plants will be more efficient, as building small biogas plants are costly and challenging.
Authors
Sissel Hansen Randi Berland Frøseth Anne Kjersti Bakken Hugh Riley Kristian Thorup-Kristensen Marina Azzaroli BlekenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Even if it is well established that acetylation of wood by the use of acetic anhydride is able to impart a significant degree of decay resistance, more evidence is needed to understand the mechanisms by which acetylated wood is protected from fungal decay. The aim of this paper was to study if a standardised leaching procedure with water (EN 84) vs. no leaching affected the Postia placenta decay of acetylated samples. Three different acetylation levels (low, medium and high) were tested in addition to untreated Southern yellow pine as control. The samples were harvested at two different stages of fungal incubation; 4 and 28 weeks. We compared changes in mass loss, wood moisture content, fungal biomass measured indirectly as fungal DNA, plus a small gene expression screening including five different genes. Generally there were not any striking differences between the leached and the non-leached samples. For the acetylated samples a statistically significant difference in mass loss between leached and non-leached samples were found at low and medium acetylation level after 28 weeks. Wood moisture content differed significantly between leached and non-leached acetylated samples for low acetylation level after 4 weeks and for at low and medium levels after 28 weeks. The gene expression levels were generally significantly lower after 4 weeks compared to 28 weeks of incubation. After 28 weeks no significant difference was found between leached and non-leached acetylated samples for any of the measured genes.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Margarita Novoa-Garrido Celine ReboursAbstract
The feed ingredients affect the microbiota in the intestinal tract by stimulating or inhibiting the growth of certain groups of bacteria. This effect might thereby have positive impacts on the health and welfare of animals as well as on growth, milk and meat quality. The effects of seaweed products on the gut microbiota were studied. Organic and aqueous extracts from six macroalgae species collected in the Northern Norway (Polysiphonia lanosa, Corallina officinalis, Palmaria palmata, Mastocarpus stellatus, Laminaria hyperborea, Ascophyllum nodosum) were tested on the growth of Enterococcus sp. and Escherichia coli isolated from healthy sheep using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration methodology. The effect of the extracts on the bacterial growth depended both on the type of bacteria and the algae extract. The results showed that the bacterial growth for the organic extracts followed a linear model, whereas the aqueous extracts followed a non-linear model. Yet, the growth of the Enterococcus sp. isolates for the organic extracts from the brown algae A. nodosum followed a non-linear model, with the largest inhibiting effect on the bacterial growth at the lowest concentrations. This effect has great interest in relation to potential treatment for nosocomial infections caused by antibiotic resistant Enterococcus sp.
Authors
Margarita Novoa-Garrido Celine ReboursAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Håvard Steinshamn Ragnhild Aabøe Inglingstad Andrea Criscione Bernardo Valenti Marit JørgensenAbstract
The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of grazing on different pasture types and hay feeding on dairy goat’s milk casein composition in early and late grazing season. Eighty goats were grouped according to genotype at the αS1-casein locus and number of lactations and randomly divided into two groups (Early and Late) with approximately 8 weeks difference in kidding dates. Goats within each of the two groups were further allocated to four forage treatment groups accounting for genotype and lactation number: R, forest rangeland pasture; C, cultivated pasture; HH, high quality hay; HL, low quality hay. The goats in Early were subjected to forage treatments in early grazing season, while the goats in Late received the forage treatments 8 weeks later. There was a strong effect of genotype but no genotype by diet interaction on casein content and composition. Goats grazing R yielded less milk (1.6 vs. 2.2 kg/d, P<0.001) with higher milk fat content (48 vs. 38 g/kg, P<0.001) than goats on C. Pasture type had no effect on total protein or casein content. However, milk from goats on R compared to C had lower content of αs1-casein (2.57 vs. 3.82 g/L, P<0.01) and κ-casein (4.51 vs. 5.22 g/L, P<0.05) but higher content of β-casein (13.1 vs. 11.7 g/L, P<0.001). Grazing compared to hay gave similar milk yield with higher content of total casein (24.2 vs. 21.0 g/kg, P<0.001), αs2-casein (3.48 vs. 3.04 g/L, P<0.001) and β-casein (12.4 vs. 11.7 g/L, P<0.01). Grazing compared to hay feeding improved the milk casein composition important for cheese making, while cultivated pasture were superior to rangeland.
Abstract
Bulk tank milk from 28 dairy farms was sampled every second month for 2 yr to assess the effects of grassland management, production system and season on milk fatty acid (FA) composition, concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins, Se, and milk sensory quality. Grassland management varied in terms of time since establishment. Short-term grassland management (SG) was defined as establishment or reseeding every fourth year or more often, and long-term grassland management (LG) was defined as less frequent establishment or reseeding. Fourteen organic (ORG) dairy farms with either short-term or long-term grassland management were paired with 14 conventional (CON) farms with respect to grassland management. Within ORG farms, SG farms differed from LG farms in herbage botanical composition, but not in concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, or milk yield. Within CON farms, herbage composition, concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, and milk yield showed no or insignificant variations. The ORG farms differed from CON farms in herbage botanical composition, concentrate FA concentrations, concentrate intake, and milk yield. Compared with ORG-LG farms, ORG-SG farms produced milk fat with higher proportions of C10:0 and C12:0 associated with higher herbage proportions of legumes (Fabaceae) and lower proportions of other dicotyledon families. Compared with milk from CON farms, milk fat from ORG farms had higher proportions of most saturated FA and all n-3 FA, but lower proportions of C18:0 and C18:1 cis-9 associated with higher forage proportion and differences in concentrations of FA in concentrates. Compared with the outdoor-feeding periods, the indoor feeding periods yielded milk fat with higher proportions of most short-chain and medium-chain FA and lower proportions of most C18-FA associated with grazing and higher forage proportions. Milk concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene were lower during the grazing periods. Inclusion of fishmeal in organic concentrates may explain higher Se concentrations in organically produced milk. Milk sensory quality was not affected in this study. In conclusion, grassland management had minor effects on milk composition, and differences between ORG farms and CON farms may be explained by differences in concentrate intake and concentrate FA concentrations. Milk produced on ORG farms versus CON farms and milk produced during the outdoor versus indoor feeding periods had potential health benefits due to FA composition. In contrast, the higher milk-fat proportions of saturated FA in milk from ORG farms may be perceived as negative for human health.
Authors
Steffen Adler Søren K. Jensen Erling Thuen Anne-Maj Gustavsson Odd Magne Harstad Håvard SteinshamnAbstract
Ruminal biohydrogenation and transfer of fatty acids (FA) to milk were determined for 4 silages with different botanical compositions using 4 multiparous Norwegian Red dairy cows [(mean ± SD) 118±40.9d in milk, 22.5±2.72kg of milk/d, 631±3.3kg of body weight, 3.3±0.40 points on body condition score at the start of the experiment] fitted with rumen cannulas. Treatments consisted of 4 experimental silages: a mix of the first and third cut of organically managed short-term grassland with timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.; 2 yr old; ORG-SG); organically managed long-term grassland with a high proportion of unsown species (6 yr old; ORG-LG); conventionally managed ley with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.; CON-PR); and conventionally managed ley with timothy (CON-TI). The herbages were cut, wilted, and preserved with additive in round bales and fed at 0.90 of ad libitum intake. A barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) concentrate constituted 300g/kg of dry matter of the total feed offered. A Latin square design (4×4) with 3-wk periods and the last week in each period used for sampling was implemented. Omasal flows of FA were measured using Yb acetate, Cr-EDTA, and the indigestible neutral detergent fiber fraction as indigestible markers. The composition of FA was analyzed in feed, omasal digesta, and milk. Compared with ORG-LG, ORG-SG had a higher herbage proportion of red clover (0.36 vs. 0.01) and lower proportions of timothy (0.42 vs. 0.18), smooth meadowgrass (Poa pratensis L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), dandelion (Taraxacum spp.), and creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens L.). The silages were well preserved. The concentration of neutral detergent fiber was higher and the concentration of Kjeldahl-N was lower for CON-TI than for the other silages. Silage type had no effect on dry matter intake, but milk yield was lower for CON-TI than for the other silages. Apparent biohydrogenation of C18:3n-3 was lower for ORG-SG (932g/kg) than for ORG-LG (956g/kg), CON-PR (959g/kg), and CON-TI (958g/kg). Compared with the grass-based silages, ORG-SG and ORG-LG resulted in higher omasal flows of C18:1 trans FA and higher milk fat proportions of C18:1 trans FA and C18:2 cis-9,trans-11. Apparent recovery of C18:3n-3 in milk was higher for ORG-SG (61g/kg) than for ORG-LG (33g/kg), CON-PR (34g/kg), and CON-TI (38g/kg), and milk fat proportion of C18:3n-3 was higher for ORG-SG than for CON-TI. Milk fat proportions of C16:0 were lower for ORG-SG and ORG-LG compared with those for CON-PR and CON-TI. It was concluded that high proportions of red clover and other dicotyledons in the silages affected ruminal biohydrogenation and increased milk fat proportions of beneficial FA.