Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2016
Authors
Leif Egil Loe Inger Maren Rivrud Erling Meisingset Silje Bøe Martine Hamnes Vebjørn Veiberg Atle MysterudAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Z. Kruma L. Tomsone R. Galoburda E. Straumite A. Kronberga Mauritz ÅssveenAbstract
Grain products are the main source of carbohydrates but they also contain other bioactive substances such as phenolic compounds. Content of phenolic compounds differ among cereal types, varieties, and farming methods. The aim of the current study was to assess total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity in different oats and barley varieties compared to hulled ones. In the experiment hull-less varieties / lines were analysed: three barley (line ‘GN 03386’, from Norway and ‘Kornelija’, ‘Irbe’ from Latvia) and three oats varieties (‘Bikini’, ‘Nudist’, from Norway and ‘Stendes Emilija,’ from Latvia). One hulled variety of barley and oats from each country was included in the experiment for comparison. For the isolation of phenolic compounds ultrasound assisted extraction was used. For all extracts the total phenol content and DPPH, ABTS+ radical scavenging activity were determined spectrophotometrically. Overall, the highest content of total phenols was detected in hull-less barley samples. The barley variety with the highest content was line ‘GN 03386,’ followed by varieties ‘Kornelija’, ‘Irbe,’ and hulled Norwegian barley variety ‘Tyra’. High DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity was recorded in barley line ‘GN 03386’. Generally, there was strong correlation between total phenol content and ABTS˙+radical scavenging activity and moderate correlation between total phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, the barley varieties had generally higher content of bioactive substances than oats and the barley line ‘GN 03386’ seems to be one of the best.
Abstract
Process-based grassland models (PBMs) simulate growth and development of vegetation over time. The models tend to have a large number of parameters that represent properties of the plants. To simulate different cultivars of the same species, different parameter values are required. Parameter differences may be interpreted as genetic variation for plant traits. Despite this natural connection between PBMs and plant genetics, there are only few examples of successful use of PBMs in plant breeding. Here we present a new procedure by which PBMs can help design ideotypes, i.e. virtual cultivars that optimally combine properties of existing cultivars. Ideotypes constitute selection targets for breeding. The procedure consists of four steps: (1) Bayesian calibration of model parameters using data from cultivar trials, (2) Estimating genetic variation for parameters from the combination of cultivar-specific calibrated parameter distributions, (3) Identifying parameter combinations that meet breeding objectives, (4) Translating model results to practice, i.e. interpreting parameters in terms of practical selection criteria. We show an application of the procedure to timothy (Phleum pratense L.) as grown in different regions of Norway.
Authors
Przemyslaw Wachniew Anna Zurek Christine Stumpp Alexandra Gemitzi Alessandro Gargini Maria Filippini Kazimierz Rozanski Jessica Meeks Jens Kværner Stanislaw WitczakAbstract
Assessing the vulnerability of groundwater to adverse effects of human impacts is one of the most important problems in applied hydrogeology. At the same time, many of the widespread vulnerability assessment methods do not provide physically meaningful and operational indicators of vulnerability. Therefore, this review summarizes (i) different methods used for intrinsic vulnerability assessment and (ii) methods for different groundwater systems. It particularly focuses on (iii) timescale methods of water flow as an appropriate tool and (iv) provides a discussion on the challenges in applying these methods. The use of such physically meaningful indices based on timescales is indispensable for groundwater resources management.
Abstract
Sustainable forest management in an era of global changes has always been a central thematic area for the International Boreal Forest Research Association (IBFRA). At the 17th IBFRA conference held on 24–29 May 2015 in Rovaniemi, Finland, the theme of global change was accompanied by a new theme related to the use and value of big data in boreal forest management and research. Keynote presentations had a clear message that sustainably managed boreal forests and peatlands play a significant role in climate change mitigation. However, the choice of the most efficient mitigation options will vary with regional differences in ecology, institutional strength, and management intensity. In addition to changes in greenhouse gas fluxes linked to ecosystem dynamics, the design of climate change mitigation strategies should also account for the fate of harvested wood products and for the substitution of more energy-intensive materials such as concrete and steel. For climate change mitigation, it is therefore not only forest management that matters, but also ensuring the best possible end use for the produced biomass. Key note presentations on use and value of big data in the forest sector demonstrated the role of time series of remote sensing data in forest monitoring and research. In addition, new technologies and methods including terrestrial laser scanning are starting to provide detailed three-dimensional information from forest stands from which management tools and scientific understanding will be developed. Finally, citizen science was shown to offer a vast potential for the generation of forest-based data. Thus, new means are being developed by which forest scientists and managers will be able to obtain new, more frequent, and more detailed information on the forest. The ensuing development of knowledge will benefit the forest sector, create new opportunities for furthering boreal forest science, and finally benefit the society as a whole...
Authors
Iciar Alberdi Roman Michalak Christoph Fischer Patrizia Gasparini Urs-Beat Brändli Stein Michael Tomter Andrius Kuliesis Arnor Snorrason John Redmond Laura Hernández Adrian Lanz Beatriz Vidondo Nickola Stoyanov Maria Stoyanova Martin Vestman Susana Barreiro Gheorghe Marin Isabel Cañellas Claude VidalAbstract
The supply of wood in Europe on a sustainable basis is highly relevant for forestry and related policies, particularly in relation to (i) analysing global change mitigation strategies and carbon accounting (ii) establishing realistic forecasts and targets for wood resources, biomass and renewable energy and (iii) assessing and supporting strategies for an increased use of wood. Therefore, it is relevant to have robust information of the availability for wood supply. The main aim of this paper is to harmonize the concept of ‘forest available for wood supply’ (FAWS) at European level. The data employed in this study was acquired through two questionnaires. The first questionnaire, conducted under the framework of COST Action FP1001 and a second questionnaire was completed by national correspondents and members of the UNECE/FAO. The analysis showed that reasons for the exclusion of forest from FAWS are diverse. Legal restrictions and specifically ´Protected areas´ are considered by 79% of the countries while very few countries consider economic restrictions. A new FAWS reference definition is provided and the consequences of using this new definition in eight European countries were analysed. Application of the proposed definition will increase consistency and comparability of data on FAWS and will result in decreasing the area of FAWS at a European level.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Lone Ross Thomas Kringlebotn Thiis Geir Isak Vestøl Ingunn Burud Solrun Karlsen Lie Olav Albert HøibøAbstract
Use of uncoated wood in building façades has increased the last years, and therefore it is important to understand and control the aesthetical character and appearance of wood materials used outdoors. By predicting the aesthetical service life and the visual appearance of a wooden façade over time, we can accommodate some of the end-user expectations, perception, values and aesthetical preferences. The spatial variation of climate on a façade is large, and estimation of the weathering process and mould growth on outdoor exposed wood should be based on the actual surface climate rather than data from meteorological stations. A first version of a simulation model that aims to predict and visualize future aesthetical appearance of wooden façades has been developed. The model is based on existing mould growth models and on a new model for surface meteorological conditions that account for RH, temperature and UV. The on-set of mould growth on selected wood materials (pine, spruce, larch, oak, aspen, thermally treated pine) have been studied in 8 different controlled climate conditions, where two levels of surface condensation regimes have been mimicked to capture time-of-wetness. Wood samples in conditions with high RH (85%) and longest time-of-wetness had the earliest on-set of mould growth, and under these conditions temperature (25°C/10°C) had no significant impact. Generally aspen had the earliest on-set of mould growth and thermally treated pine the latest. Data on on-set of mould growth will be incorporated in the simulation model to enable a knowledge-based decision tool regarding design and material selection.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered