Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2016
Authors
Juliet Biira Jens Leth Hougaard Mogens LundAbstract
Denmark is one of the EU countries with a highly recognised agricultural sector, a high level of animal health and one of the lowest medication usages. In this article we aim to provide an overview of both private and public animal health incentives nested in the cattle and pig production industry that influence the decisions and behaviours of farmers in prevention of livestock disease epidemics. Not only do individual Danish pig and cattle farmers aim at highly efficient animal production, they are also involved in collective marketing and contracting which can enhance social capital, peer pressure and instill a greater sense of ownership of disease control prevention. Public incentives including rules on how animals should be transported within Denmark, SPF certification requirements and rules on farm biosecurity further improve farmer incentives to prevent animal diseases. However, Danish pig and cattle farmers’ incentives could be further improved by specifying consequences for not following requirements such as failure to make a compulsory biosecurity plan. The relatively high compensation in case of a disease outbreak provides a safety net for farmers, encourages them to quickly report suspected notifiable diseases but it could also reduce incentives for disease prevention due to the relatively high amounts of compensation.
Authors
Johanna Gottschamel Andreas G. Lössl Stephanie Ruf Yanliang Wang Morten Skaugen Ralph Bock Jihong Liu ClarkeAbstract
Abstract Dengue fever is a disease in many parts of the tropics and subtropics and about half the world’s popula- tion is at risk of infection according to the World Health Organization. Dengue is caused by any of the four related dengue virus serotypes DEN-1, -2, -3 and -4, which are transmitted to people by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Cur- rently there is only one vaccine (DengvaxiaÒ) available (limited to a few countries) on the market since 2015 after half a century’s intensive efforts. Affordable and accessible vaccines against dengue are hence still urgently needed. The dengue envelop protein domain III (EDIII), which is capable of eliciting serotype-specific neutralizing antibod- ies, has become the focus for subunit vaccine development. To contribute to the development of an accessible and affordable dengue vaccine, in the current study we have used plant-based vaccine production systems to generate a dengue subunit vaccine candidate in tobacco. Chloroplast genome engineering was applied to express serotype- specific recombinant EDIII proteins in tobacco chloroplasts using both constitutive and ethanol-inducible expression systems. Expression of a tetravalent antigen fusion con- struct combining EDIII polypeptides from all four ser- otypes was also attempted. Transplastomic EDIII- expressing tobacco lines were obtained and homoplasmy was verified by Southern blot analysis. Northern blot analyses showed expression of EDIII antigen-encoding genes. EDIII protein accumulation levels varied for the different recombinant EDIII proteins and the different expression systems, and reached between 0.8 and 1.6 % of total cellular protein. Our study demonstrates the suitability of the chloroplast compartment as a production site for an EDIII-based vaccine candidate against dengue fever and presents a GatewayÒ plastid transformation vector for inducible transgene expression.
Abstract
Berry yield and chemical composition of four commercial black currant cultivars were recorded in a field experiment in Norway over an 8-year period and related by linear regression analysis to temperature and precipitation conditions prevailing during the May-July preharvest period. Highly significant differences between cultivars and among years were found for all measured parameters. Fruit dry matter, soluble solids and pH were positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with precipitation during May-July, while yield, berry weight, and the concentration of total phenols and ascorbic acid showed the opposite relationship, being highly negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with precipitation. Similar black currant experiments elsewhere in Europe have often given deviating results, varying from opposite to no effects of the same weather variables, suggesting that fruit composition is influenced by several interacting genetic and environmental parameters. We conclude that differences in local weather and soil conditions and the use of different cultivars complicate direct comparison of such field experiments. Nevertheless, the observed strong and opposite correlations with precipitation and temperature suggest an inherently low drought tolerance of black currant plants.
Authors
Zhibo Hamborg YeonKyeong Lee Astrid Sivertsen Gry Skjeseth Sissel Haugslien Jihong Liu Clarke Qiao-Chun Wang Dag-Ragnar BlystadAbstract
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Authors
Matias Pasquali Marco Beyer Antonio Logrieco Kris Audenaert Virgilio Balmas Ryan Basler Anne-Laure Boutigny Jana Chrpova Elzbieta Czembor Tatiana Gagkaeva María T. González-Jaén Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Nagehan D. Köycü Lucien Hoffmann Jelena Lević Patricia Marin Thomas Miedaner Quirico Migheli Antonio Moretti Marina E. H. Müller Françoise Munaut Päivi Parikka Marine Pallez-Barthel Jonathan Piec Jonathan Scauflaire Barbara Scherm Slavica Stanković Ulf Thrane Silvio Uhlig Adriaan Vanheule Tapani Yli-Mattila Susanne VogelgsangAbstract
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Authors
Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi Mohamed Abdelhalim Anil Kunapareddy Åshild Ergon Anne Marte Tronsmo May Bente Brurberg Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Torben Asp Odd Arne RognliAbstract
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Korsnes, Reinert; Westrum, Karin; Fløistad, Erling; Klingen, Ingeborg. Computer-assisted image processing to detect spores from the fungus Pandora neoaphidis. MethodsX 2016 ;Volum 3. s. 231-241
Abstract
Medieval Trondheim is located on the eastern part of Nidarneset, a small peninsula formed by the river plain at the mouth of the River Nid on the southern shore of Trondheimsfjord. The topographic conditions for medieval Trondheim differ from those of the other Norwegian medieval towns (notably Bergen, Oslo, and Tønsberg), and the protected, historic part of Trondheim contains anthropogenic sediments which lie entirely within an unsaturated environment. A large proportion of these sediments contain wood and other types of organic material. The thickness of the anthropogenic sediments varies greatly from more than 4 m to less than 0.5 m, and they overlie well-drained alluvial sands and gravels. The Directorate for Cultural Heritage (Riksantikvaren) and the Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research (NIKU) have different roles in the management of cultural heritage sites. However, they cooperate in developing sustainable management and a scientific approach to research, as well as finding practical solutions aimed at securing stable preservation conditions for anthropogenic sediments that are vulnerable and sensitive to environmental changes, both chemical and mechanical. In this paper we present results from environmental investigations conducted in 2007 and 2012 at a location in the central part of medieval Trondheim where an in situ preservation project has been established on the site of new construction work. The project is cross-interdisciplinary, combining archaeological retrieval methods with the sampling and analysis of soil chemical parameters and the monitoring of present basic parameters such as temperature, moisture and redox potential. The monitoring has been ongoing since the beginning of 2013 and will continue until 2017.