Hopp til hovedinnholdet

Publications

NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.

2018

Sammendrag

The effectiveness of generating virtual transects on unmanned aerial vehicle-derived orthomosaics was evaluated in estimating the extent of soil disturbance by severity class. Combinations of 4 transect lengths (5–50 m) and five sampling intensities (1–20 transects per ha) were used in assessing traffic intensity and the severity of soil disturbance on six post-harvest, cut-to-length (CTL) clearfell sites. In total, 15% of the 33 ha studied showed some trace of vehicle traffic. Of this, 63% of was categorized as light (no visible surface disturbance). Traffic intensity varied from 787 to 1256 m ha−1, with a weighted mean of 956 m ha−1, approximately twice the geometrical minimum achievable with CTL technology under perfect conditions. An overall weighted mean of 4.7% of the total site area was compromised by severe rutting. A high sampling intensity, increasing with decreasing incidence of soil disturbance, is required if mean estimation error is to be kept below 20%. The paper presents a methodology that can be generally applied in forest management or in similar land-use evaluations.

Til dokument

Sammendrag

Norway maintains a complex system of activity or type specific coupled paymentswhich account for a large share of farm income. Most of the payment rates arenegatively related to farm size and are higher in remote areas compared to centralregions. We present and use a newly developed recursive-dynamic multi-commoditymodel (Agrispace) with CES production functions depicting regional farm clustersderived from the full farm population. Using this model, we simulate impacts ofcurrent and alternative subsidy policies on production, prices, input use, incomeand farm structural change. Mapping cluster results to each farm along with beha-vioural rules allows estimation of individual profits and farm exits. Our results indi-cate that, in the short run, the current policy regime seems to support the policyobjective of maintaining a variety of farms in all parts of Norway. In the long run,farm structural change is less affected by a policy reform that leaves total supportlevels unchanged.

Sammendrag

No abstract has been registered

Til dokument

Sammendrag

We investigated whether diversification and/or structural change would improve Norwegian agriculture. Using a flexible technology approach to account for different technologies, we assessed economies of scope and scale of dairy and cropping farms, including regional differences. We fitted translog cost functions to farm-level panel data for the period 1991–2014. We found both economies of scope and scale on the farms. Dairy farms have an economic incentive to integrate dairying with cropping in all regions of Norway, and vice versa. Thus, policy makers should eschew interventions that inhibit diversification or structural change and that increase the costs of food production.