Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2012
Forfattere
Reidun Pommeresche Anne-Kristin LøesSammendrag
Abstract: Little is known about Collembola in arable soil, at least in Norway. Recently, a study includ. this group has been initiated in a Norwegian field experiment (Soileffects). Collembola (springtails) are a group of small animals (1-3 mm) living in vegetation, litter and in the pores and caves in the soil to a depth of ca 15 cm. They are important decomposers of dead plant material, eating fungi, algae and microorganisms in soil and on organic debris. Their grazing and decomposing activity contribute significantly to the nutrient circulation in the soil. The name springtail refers to a furca on their back, usually folded in under the body, but released in need of a rapid escape. In one jump, Collembola can jump more than 50 times their own body length. In Norway 334 species are known; in the world more than 6000. Two main groups are found: Entomobryomorpha; species with a clearly elongated segmented body and Symphyleona; species with a more or less globular body with fused segments, reminding of small “rabbits”. Whereas species living in the vegetation and in the upper soil litter are often pigmented, have long antennas, large furca and visible eyes, soil living species are smaller (< 0.5 mm), and have shorter extremities and lack eyes or have small eyespot. They are often white or grey in color. The general distribution of species in Norway is well studied by Arne Fjellberg1. European papers about Collembola in agricultural soil are available23, but not too much is known about this group of animals in arable soil. On the organic research farm in Tingvoll, NW Norway, an experiment was established in 2011 to compare anaerobically digested manure with undigested slurry in perennial ley and arable crops. Effects on crop yields, soil fauna, microbial communities, soil structure, organic matter and nutrient concentration are recorded. There is limited information on how the manure digestion impacts soil fertility in the long run. A reduced supply of carbon to the soil may impact the soil fauna, which is dependent on this source of energy, because almost none of them produce organic matter themselves. In addition to earthworms, Collembola are studied in this project, called “Soileffects”. Collembola were sampled from 12 plots in the ley part of the Soileffects experimental trail in April 2011. This, to get a start characterization of the fauna. We used small metal rings (5,8 cm in diam, 3,8 cm high) to take out soil cores. The fauna in the samples were extracted by using a variant of Tullgren funnels, where drying the soil force the Collembola out. In cooperation with Arne Fjellberg, we found 250 collembolas and identified them to 17 species, comprising a large variation in colors and body forms. A mean of 21 individuals in each sample, gave an estimate of 7980 individuals m-2 in our ley field. We found species belonging to the Entomobryomorpha and species belonging to the Symphyleona. A numerous species was Isotomurus graminis, with a greenish color, medium long antenna and a solid furca. Isotoma viridis, also greenish, but with purple edges of each segment. In this species, the body hairs are better preserved in alcohol, than mostly found for I. graminis. Of the small, white soil living species, Protaphorura armata, Stenaphorura lubbocki and Mesaphorura macrochaeta were the most numerous species. Possible effects of 3 years manure application with anaerobically digested manure and non-digested manure (slurry) will be measured in 2013. 1 Fjellberg. 1998 and 2007. The Collembola of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Part I and II. Fauna Entoml. Scand. 2 Bardgett and Cook. 1998. Functional aspects of soil animal diversity in agricultural grasslands. Appl. Soil Ecol. 3 Gutierrez-Lopez et al.2011. Movement response of Collemb. to the excreta of two earthw….Soil Biol. Biochem.
Forfattere
Christian Uhlig Christian Guido BrucknerSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
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No abstract has been registered
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No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Ingerd Skow HofgaardSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
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Adam ParuchSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
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No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Lampros LamprinakisSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Sammendrag
The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of grazing on different pasture types and hay feeding on dairy goat milk fatty acid (FA) composition in early and late grazing season. Eighty goats were grouped according to genotype and lactation, and randomly divided into two groups (Early and Late) with approximately 8 weeks difference in mating and kidding dates. Goats within each of the two groups were further allocated to four forage treatment groups: R, forest rangeland pasture; C, cultivated pasture; HH, high quality hay; HL, low quality hay. The goats in Early were subjected to forage treatments in early grazing season, while the goats in Late received the forage treatments 8 weeks later. The most abundant FAs were C16:0 and C18:1c9 followed by C14:0 and C18:0. The milk proportion of the short and medium chained fatty acids (C6:0-C14:0) and C16:0 was higher (P < 0.0001) in Late than in Early grazing season, whilst the proportion of long chained FAs (C18:0, C18:1c9, C18:1t11, C18:2c9, 12, C18:2c9t11 and C18:3c9, 12, 15) were lower (P < 0.001). Goats grazing R yielded less milk (1.5 vs. 2.0 kg/d, P < 0.001) but with higher milk fat content (46 vs. 37 g/kg, P < 0.001) than C. The milk from goats on R had lower (P < 0.01) proportion of medium chained FAs (C10:0-C14:0) and C18:2c9, t11 but higher (P < 0.05) proportion of C18:0, C18:2c9,12 and C20:0 than C. Grazing compared to hay gave milk with lower proportion of medium chained FAs (C12:0-C14:0) and C16:0 but higher proportion of the long chained FAs C18:0, C18:1t11, C18:3c9, 12, C18:2c9, t11, C18:3c9, 12, 15, C20:0 than hay feeding. Higher supply of energy may explain higher proportion of de novo synthesised low and medium chained FA and lower proportion of long chained FA on C than on R, whilst higher supply of FA from mobilized fat may explain higher milk proportion of long chain FA in Early than in late season. Moreover, goats on pasture had likely higher supply of FA from dietary fat, which explain higher milk proportion of the long chained FA than on hay.
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered