Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2024
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Sammendrag
The chilling requirements of ‘Junifer’, ‘Rovada’ and ‘Red Dutch’ red currants and ‘Mucurines’ and ‘Pax’ gooseberries were studied under controlled environment conditions. Field grown single-stem potted plants were chilled at 0°C from October 15 for 0 to 20 weeks and forced in a lighted greenhouse at 20°C and 18 h photoperiod for 60 days for recording of budbreak and flowering. None of the red currant plants were able to break without chilling, while the number of breaking buds increased linearly with more than four weeks of chilling, and fastest so in ‘Junifer’. ‘Red Dutch’ proved to have a particularly deep and stable dormancy. Comparable but markedly lower chilling requirements were found in the two gooseberry cultivars. While more than 20 weeks of chilling were required for full dormancy release in the red currant cultivars, 16 to 20 weeks were adequate for the ‘Mucurines’ and ‘Pax’ gooseberries, respectively. This compares with a chilling need of 14 weeks at 0°C previously found for most commercial black currant cultivars under the same conditions. The results also confirm that, as previously demonstrated for black currants, flower development requires more chilling than bud break itself also in red currants and gooseberries. This highlights the need for extended chilling of the plants before the plants are set to forcing in modern tunnel production. We also conclude that the red currant cultivar ‘Rovada’ with its large berry trusses seems particularly well suited for tunnel production.
Sammendrag
We studied the environmental control of shoot growth and floral initiation in annual shoot plants of four red currant cultivars under phytotron conditions. Under natural day length conditions at Ås, Norway (69°40’N), the cultivars ‘Junifer’, ‘Red Dutch’, and ‘Rosetta’ ceased growing and initiated irregular flower formation at 24 and 18°C in late August, indicating a critical photoperiod of approximately 15 h. At 12°C and under outdoor conditions, the processes were delayed by 3-6 weeks depending on the cultivar, indicating a critical photoperiod of approximately 14 h under Nordic field conditions. In 10-h short day (SD), the cultivars ‘Junifer’, ‘Red Dutch’ and ‘Rovada’ ceased growing within 2-3 weeks at 18 and 24°C and within 2-4 weeks at 12°C, followed by irregular floral initiation. However, in 20-h long day (LD), flower initiation was generally scarce, and with contrasting temperature responses among the cultivars, flower initiation was advanced by low temperature in ‘Red Dutch’ and by high temperature in ‘Rovada’ and ‘Junifer’. Flowering performance in the following spring confirmed these results, which demonstrate that red currants are quantitative SD plants with diverse temperature and photoperiod interactions.
Sammendrag
Growth and flower bud initiation (FBI) were studied in single-stem plants of four biennial-fruiting cultivars in a controlled environment and under field conditions at 60°40′ N. Shoot growth varied widely among the cultivars but was significantly enhanced by high temperature (20 °C) in all cultivars, whereas photoperiod had a subordinate growth effect. FBI data from bud dissection after 6 weeks of cultivation in the phytotron were used to calculate FBI indices for the various cultivars and environment conditions. The indices also varied much among the cultivars but were enhanced by elevated temperature, being highest in ‘Natchez’ and ‘Sweet Royalla’, while ‘Natchez’ was the only cultivar in which FBI was significantly enhanced by short days. The non-vigorous and erect growing ‘Ouachita’ remained vegetative at both temperatures but flowered in spring after overwintering at 0.5 °C. The field experiment confirmed the superior growth vigor of ‘Loch Ness’ and ‘Sweet Royalla’ as well as the photoperiodic sensitivity of ‘Natchez’. The results also confirmed that floral initiation starts in lateral buds located 10–20 nodes below the apex, and from there it progresses in both acropetal and basipetal direction. We conclude that temperature is at least as important as the photoperiod for the control of FBI in biennial-fruiting blackberries.
Sammendrag
Almost 10,000 of apple cultivars are described worldwide but only a few of them are dominating in commercial apple orchards. The decline in genetic diversity could lead to negative consequences in terms of adaptability, resistance and even consumption. Apple genetic resources in Norway are conserved in several local clonal archives. The aim of this study was to evaluate Norwegian heritage apple cultivars from a pomological, agronomical, and chemical point of view, identify the most important quality parameters, and select cultivars with desirable traits for modern markets and breeding purposes. In total 75 heritage and 4 standard apple cultivars were evaluated at the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research – NIBIO Ullensvang, during 2018–2020. Based on individual investigations of various fruit quality characters, cultivar groups with special properties were selected for the industry, for making concentrate and fresh juice, and for medical properties. According to the soluble solid content, sweetness index, fruit size, acid, dry matter, and phenolic content, several groups of cultivars have high potential value for modern breeding programmes. Based on overall fruit quality, heritage cultivars Løeeple, Raud Gravenstein, and Rondestveit were selected for fresh consumption.
Sammendrag
Successful introduction of the new cultivars requires proper pomological, phenological and as well as technological evaluation. It is particularly important at the harsh Norwegian climate conditions. Investigations were conducted with apple cultivar ‘Eden‘ / ‘Wursixo‘ (WUR 6), with the aim to establish an optimal balance between yield, fruit quality and bearing regularity. Four different crop load levels were tested in 3 consecutive years in the orchard planted 3.5 x 1 m and trained as slender spindle. Lower crop load levels guaranteed good return bloom, a very high share of fruits harvested during the first picking, and larger fruits. Increasing crop load led to less intensive return bloom, smaller fruit sizes and higher share of fruits harvested during the second picking. It was found that ‘Eden‘ is strictly alternating cultivar and precise crop load levels according to the tree age and tree vigour were defined. In order to keep ‘Eden‘ trees in regular bearing mode crop load levels should be maintained at 4.5-5 fruits cm-2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) in the 3rd and 6-7 fruits in the 4th growing season
Sammendrag
Fruit yield in wild berry species can vary greatly from year to year. Despite the short growing season and low temperatures in the Arctic region, many small fruit species are thriving under such conditions. Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) is a perennial dioecious plant dependent upon insects for pollination. Cloudberries are high-valued, but fruit set and yield can fluctuate substantially between years. Although most commercial harvesting of cloudberries is done from wild stands, a few commercial cultivars are available, and cultivation techniques for natural stands have been developed. There is limited knowledge of variations in cloudberry crops. Increased research on this topic can be crucial for enhancing our knowledge of cloudberry cultivation and having better predictions for increased commercial utilization.
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered