Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2022
Authors
Maryam Mirahmad Shahrzad Mohseni Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy Fataneh Esmaeili Sudabeh Alatab Roodabeh Bahramsoltani Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed Husseyn Qulami Zahra Bitarafan Babak Arjmand Elahe NazeriAbstract
Background Inflammation is a double-edged sword in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The global rise in the prevalence of T2DM in one hand, and poor disease control with currently-available treatments on the other hand, along with an increased tendency towards the use of natural products make scientists seek herbal medicines for the management of diabetes and its complications by reducing C-reactive protein (CRP) as an inflammatory marker. Purpose To systematically review the literature to identify the efficacy of various medicinal plants with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties considering their effect on CRP in animal models of T2DM. Study design systematic review. Methods Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochran Library were searched using the search terms “herbal medicine”, “diabetes”, “c-reactive protein”, “antioxidants” till August 2021. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE's) tool. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO with an ID number CRD42020207190. A manual search to detect any articles not found in the databases was also made. The identified studies were then critically reviewed and relevant data were extracted and summarized. Results Among total of 9904 primarily-retrieved articles, twenty-three experimental studies were finally included. Our data indicated that numerous herbal medicines, compared to placebo or hypoglycemic medications, are effective in treatment of diabetes and its complications through decreasing CRP concentrations and oxidative stresses levels. Medicinal plants including Psidium guajava L., Punica granatum L., Ginkgo biloba L., Punica granatum L., Dianthus superbusn L.. Moreover, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Curcuma longa L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Morus alba L., and Ficus racemosa L. demonstrated potential neuroprotective effects in animal models of diabetes. Conclusion Hypoglycemic medicinal plants discussed in this review seem to be promising regulators of CRP, and oxidative stress. Thus, these plants are suitable candidates for management of diabetes’ complications. Nevertheless, further high-quality in vivo studies and clinical trials are required to confirm these effects.
Abstract
Galera, Matrigon 72SG and their parallel products are approved for weed control in oilseed rape every fourth years. In 2017, clopyralid, which is the active component in the herbicides, was found in Danish honey for the first time when honey from 2016 and 2017 was tested. The maximum acceptable residue level for clopyralid in honey has not been verified scientifically but is set at 0.05 mg/kg, which is not considered harmful to humans. However, 0.1 mg/kg releases a ban on sale of honey. In several of the tested honey samples from both years the amount of clopyralid was higher than 0.1 mg/kg. As nearly 50% of the Danish honey stems from nectar collected from rapeseed the use of clopyralid in oilseed rape poses a very serious economic problem for Danish beekeepers, and already in 2017, the sale of several spring honey lots was rejected. In 2019 and 2020, we tested the following hypotheses 1) nectar and pollen, collected from flowers of winter oilseed rape sprayed with clopyralid according to the regulations may contain clopyralid; 2) honey and pollen collected from beehives placed next to winter oilseed rape fields sprayed with clopyralid according to the regulations may contain clopyralid. Residues of clopyralid were found in all nectar, pollen and honey samples from treated plots and fields. In a large part of the samples, more than 0.1 mg clopyralid/kg was detected, which would have resulted in a ban on the sale of honey. The perspectives of the results are discussed.
Abstract
Clopyralid is a systemic herbicide used in oilseed rape and other crops. It was found in Danish honey from 2016 in concentrations exceeding the maximum residue level (MRL) of 0.05 mg kg−1. About 50% of the Danish honey is based on nectar from winter oilseed rape. In 2019 and 2020, winter oilseed rape fields were sprayed with clopyralid just before the assigned spraying deadline. At flowering, nectar and pollen samples were collected and the content of clopyralid was measured. Honey and pollen samples were also collected from beehives next to ten conventional winter oilseed rape fields sprayed with clopyralid. Clopyralid was found in nectar and pollen from the experimental fields, and in honey and pollen from beehives next to the conventional fields. For most samples the content in nectar and honey exceeded the MRL. The concentrations found, may not pose any health risk for consumers, as the MRL is based on the original detection limit and not on toxicological tests. However, it can have a significant economical consequence for the beekeepers, who are not allowed to sell the honey if the concentration of clopyralid exceeds 0.1 mg kg−1. Reducing the acceptable applicable rate of clopyralid or implementing an earlier deadline for spraying of clopyralid may reduce the risk of contaminating bee food products. However, if it is not possible to obtain a satisfactory effect of clopyralid on the weed flora under these conditions, spraying with pesticides containing clopyralid should be restricted in winter oilseed rape. Determination of an MRL value based on toxicological tests might result in a higher value and make it acceptable selling the honey containing higher levels of clopyralid.
Abstract
Seed production is an important element of weed population dynamics, and weed persistence relies upon the soil seed bank. In 2017 and 2018, we studied the relationship between the aboveground dry biomass of common weed species and their seed production. Weeds were selected randomly in the fields, and we surrounded the plants with a porous net to collect shed seeds during the growth season. Just before crop harvest, weeds were harvested, the plants’ dry weights were measured, and the number of seeds retained on the weeds was counted. A linear relationship between the biomass and the number of seeds produced was estimated. This relationship was not affected by year for Avena spica-venti, Chenopodium album, Galium aparine, or Persicaria maculosa. Therefore, the data of the two seasons were pooled and analysed together. For Alopecurus myosuroides, Anagallis arvensis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Geranium molle, Polygonum aviculare, Silene noctiflora, Sonchus arvensis, Veronica persica, and Viola arvensis, the relationship varied significantly between the years. In 2017, the growing season was cold and wet, and the slope of the regression lines was less steep than in the dry season in 2018 for most species. Capsella bursa-pastoris was the most prolific seed producer with the steepest slope.
Abstract
Harvest Weed Seed Control (HWSC) systems are used to collect and/or kill weed seeds in the chaff fraction during grain harvest. While collecting chaff reduces the weed infestation in the following years, a new biomass feedstock is created. Chaff mainly consists of husk and straw. There is a potential energetic utilization of chaff. It can also be used as a material for construction (e.g., insulating boards, cardboard, bedding), soil improvement (e.g., mulch, mushroom compost) and agricultural use (e.g., weed growth inhibitor, animal diet). Using chaff directly is unfavorable because of low bulk density; therefore, compressing chaff into pellets optimizes its handling. We have assessed how pelletizing would affect germination of weed seeds bearing in the chaff if the collected chaff is pelletized for further utilization. To test this, we mixed original wheat chaff and fine wheat chaff (pretreated by sieving) with each of the weed species Tripleurospermum inodorum and Centarea cyanus seeds separately. Approximately 2000 seeds of each weed species were added to 2500 g of chaff (20 % moisture). Samples were pelletized using the Kahl Pelleting Press 14-175. Each treatment was replicated four times. Afterwards pelletized samples were spread evenly on the soil surface in 14 × 16 cm boxes and covered by a thin layer of soil/sand. Unpelletized chaff samples were used as control. Boxes were placed in greenhouse and watered from the bottom and seed germination was followed for a month. While on average 22 and 59 % seed germination of T. inodorum and C. cyanus were observed in wheat chaff control samples respectively, no weed seed germination was observed in pelletized fine and original wheat chaff samples. Consequently, we find that the pelletizing process of collected chaff destroys the weed seeds in it.
Abstract
Harvest weed seed control takes advantage of seed retention at maturity by collecting weed seeds as they pass through the harvester. We assessed the seed production and shedding pattern of common weed species in two wheat and two oat fields in Denmark. The aim was to evaluate the possibility of harvesting retained seeds on weeds at crop harvest by a combine harvester based on estimation of weeds seed retention. Before flowering, ten plants of each weed species were selected and surrounded by a seed trap comprising of a porous net. When the plants started shedding seeds, the seeds were collected from the traps and counted weekly until crop harvest. Just before crop harvest, the retained seeds on the plants were counted and the ratio of harvestable seeds and shed seeds during the growing season were determined. The seed production and shedding patterns varied between the species. In oat, Anagallis arvensis L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Chenopodium album L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve, Geranium molle L., Persicaria maculosa Gray, Polygonum aviculare L., Silene noctiflora L., Sinapis arvensis L., Sonchus arvensis L., Spergula arvensis L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill.,Veronica persica Poir., and Viola arvensis Murray retained on average 61, 52, 67, 44, 58, 32, 59, 95, 67, 23, 45, 56, 51, and 33%, respectively, of their produced seeds at crop harvest. In wheat, Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. and Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv. retained on average 34 and 33%, respectively, of their seeds at harvest. Silene noctiflora was classified as a good target for harvest weed seed control; A. myosuroides, A. spica-venti, C. bursa-pastoris, C. album, F. convolvulus, G. molle, P.maculosa, Sinapis arvensis, Sonchus arvensis, Spergula arvensis and V. arvensis were classified as intermediate targets; and A. arvensis, P. aviculare, S. media and V. persica were classified as poor targets. The research shows that there is a great potential to reduce the input of weed seeds to the soil seed bank by harvest weed seed control. Keywords: Harvest weed seed control; Soil seed bank ; Weed seed retention
Authors
Kateřina Hamouzová Pavlina Košnarová lena Ulber Wiktoria Kaczmarek-Derda Björn Ringselle Dagmar RisselAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Wiktoria Kaczmarek-DerdaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Gunda ThömingAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Olle Anderbrant Ann-Kristin Isaksson Line Beate Lersveen Christer Löfstedt Sigrid Mogan Elisabeth Ôberg Marja Rantanen Glenn Svensson Gunda ThömingAbstract
No abstract has been registered