Shanmugam Munisamy
Forsker
(+47) 413 50 783
shanmugam.munisamy@nibio.no
Sted
Bodø
Besøksadresse
Torggården, Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Thilaga Sethuraman Shanmugam Munisamy Ganesan Meenakshisundaram Anicia Q. Hurtado Ganesh DossSammendrag
Regeneration of polyploidy from young thallus segments of Kappaphycus alvarezii was optimized for genetic improvement. Kappaphycus thallus segment cultured on sterile sea water supplemented with various combinations of Indole acetic acid, Kinetin and Acardian Marine Plant Extract Powder revealed differential response on callus proliferation and development of new thallus. Presence of Acardian Marine Plant Extract Powder (3 mg/l) in combination with Indole acetic acid and Kinetin (0.01 mg/l each) had induced the longest emerging thallus. Exposure of thallus to colchicine at 0.01% with above combination was optimal to induce high frequency regeneration of polyploidy mostly from the meristematic cells. Anatomical study of colchicine induced polyploidy revealed larger cortical cells with irregular thickening of epidermal layer. Phase contrast and Scanning Electron Microscopic study revealed increase in cell size in cortical region with significantly larger number of spherical shaped carrageenan globules in colchicine induced polyploidy than normal thallus. Single cells isolated using enzymatic treatments from colchicine induced polyploidy, shown chromosome number with a ploidy status of 4n ≈ 40. Whereas in normal thallus, only half the number of chromosomes (2n ≈ 20) were observed. Polyploidy were successfully acclimatized gradually using raft method for further evaluation. This is the first report reveals the induction and regeneration of polyploidy in Kappaphycus. The possible application of this finding in genetic improvement of Kappaphycus is discussed.
Sammendrag
Currently global seaweed industries are facing issue with availability of raw material for processing of carrageenan due to low growth of current planting material. Use of biostimulants in seaweed cultivation is recently paid more attention due to their proven biostimulatory effect, of which, Ascophyllum marine plant extract powder (AMPEP) is a well proven biostimulant to improve the growth and quality of Kappaphycus alvarezii biomass. Hence, 500 kg of AMPEP was purchased and studied its impact on the commercial farming of K. alvarezii from April 2018 to January 2022 in India. Vegetative propagule of K. alvarezii were dipped in an AMPEP with concentration range of: 0.025, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 % for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Before out-planting on rafts in shallow coastal water and found that K. alvarezii responded well to a 0.1 % solution with dipping time of 60 min. The percentage of average daily growth rate (ADGR%) of AMPEP-treated plant in a 45 d grow out period was 3.50 ± 0.50 % vs a control of 1.75 ± 0.25 % for the summer and pre-monsoon months (p < 0.05) but no statistically significant differences between the treated and control plants were found during the rainy and winter seasons. Treated plants were found with low incidence of epiphytes, and disease as compared to control plants. The general appearance and health of treated Kappaphycus was good with significant differences in the yield and quality of semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) and dry weed quality (p < 0.05). The cost of AMPEP for producing of additional 1 kg of dry Kappaphycus was 0.066USD. Results of the present study is very encouraging and AMPEP can be used for the production of K. alvarezii biomass for industrial and biorefinery processing as it has been witnessed that there was 16.66 % increase in biomass production in 2021in India.
Forfattere
Thilaga Sethuraman Shanmugam Munisamy Ganesan Meenakshisundaram Anicia Q. Hurtado Ganesh DossSammendrag
Regeneration of polyploidy from young thallus segments of Kappaphycus alvarezii was optimized for genetic improvement. Kappaphycus thallus segment cultured on sterile sea water supplemented with various combinations of Indole acetic acid, Kinetin and Acardian Marine Plant Extract Powder revealed differential response on callus proliferation and development of new thallus. Presence of Acardian Marine Plant Extract Powder (3 mg/l) in combination with Indole acetic acid and Kinetin (0.01 mg/l each) had induced the longest emerging thallus. Exposure of thallus to colchicine at 0.01% with above combination was optimal to induce high frequency regeneration of polyploidy mostly from the meristematic cells. Anatomical study of colchicine induced polyploidy revealed larger cortical cells with irregular thickening of epidermal layer. Phase contrast and Scanning Electron Microscopic study revealed increase in cell size in cortical region with significantly larger number of spherical shaped carrageenan globules in colchicine induced polyploidy than normal thallus. Single cells isolated using enzymatic treatments from colchicine induced polyploidy, shown chromosome number with a ploidy status of 4n ≈ 40. Whereas in normal thallus, only half the number of chromosomes (2n ≈ 20) were observed. Polyploidy were successfully acclimatized gradually using raft method for further evaluation. This is the first report reveals the induction and regeneration of polyploidy in Kappaphycus. The possible application of this finding in genetic improvement of Kappaphycus is discussed.
Forfattere
Aswini Murugan Thahira Banu Shanthana Lakshmi Duraikkannu Shanmugam Munisamy Kiruthigha Vannamuthu Subhalakshmi SivakumarSammendrag
The present investigation is aimed at developing films using biomass of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii blended with natural additives both without glycerol (K) and with glycerol (KG) and to use the same in enhancement of shelf life of tomatoes. The natural additives used were Azadirachta indica oil (K1), A. indica leaves extract (K2), Citrus limon leaves extract (K3), A. indica gum (K4), Prunus amygdalus gum (K5), Moringa indica gum (K6) and the extract and oil of A. indica leaves (K7). The result showed that the moisture content ranged from 10.3 ± 1.2–19.9 ± 0.4%, thickness 0.01–0.10 mm, and swelling index above 45% in all the prepared films. The tensile strength and transparency were higher for K6, KG6, K and KG respectively. KG6 and K3 films showed maximum phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The promising results of current investigation proved the suitability of the film in enhancing the shelf life of tomatoes to 14 days at room temperature.
Forfattere
Bhagirath Rakhasiya Shanmugam Munisamy Doniya Elze Mathew Srinu Tothadi Anshul Yadav Vaibhav A. MantriSammendrag
Processing of 1000 kg of fresh Kappaphycus alvarezii yielded 25 kg salt. The optical microscopy revealed non-crystalline nature, absence of geometrical pattern; while squircle aggregates with ruffled surface were evident in SEM. Caenorhabditis elegans assay confirmed its non-toxicity; while absence of Salmonella and pesticides make it safe for human consumption. Among the macro elements, ‘K' content was highest (3792.74 ± 541.23 mg 100 g−1) and ‘Ca’ was lowest (7.01 ± 1.32 mg 100 g−1); whereas among micro element ‘Fe’ was highest (6.52 ± 1.40 mg 100 g−1) and ‘Ni’ lowest (0.14 ± 0.01 mg 100 g−1). Chromium (11.5 μg g−1) was lower than a permissible daily dose, while other heavy metals (Mo, Cu, Co, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) were below detectable level. PXRD revealed that it has only KCl Form I. The study suggested potential economic utility of seaweed salt under the framework of waste to wealth.