Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2022
Abstract
Invasive plant propagative material can be introduced to new regions as contaminants in soil. Therefore, moving soil should be done only when the soil has been verified to be free of invasive species. Stationary soil steaming as a non-chemical control method has the potential to disinfect soil masses contaminated with invasive species. We investigated the possibility of thermal control of propagative material of Bohemian knotweed (Reynoutria × bohemica) in two experiments using a prototype of a soil steaming device. Five soil temperatures of 60, 70, 80, 90 and 99 °C with an exposure duration of 3 min were tested. In each replicate and target temperature, rhizome cuttings containing at least two buds and shoot clumps were placed at the bottom of a plastic perforated basket and covered by a 7-cm soil layer. Each basket was placed in the steaming container and steam was released from the top and vacuumed from the bottom. Soil temperature was monitored by 10 thermocouples and steaming was stopped when 5 of the thermocouples had reached the target temperature. The basket was then removed from the steaming container after 3 min. Plant materials were taken out and planted in pots. Buds sprouting was followed for 8 weeks. Non-steamed plant materials were used as controls. Results showed 100% rhizome death at soil temperatures of ≥70 and 99 °C in the first and second experiments, respectively. Shoot clumps death was obtained at ≥90 °C in both experiments. These results showed that steaming at 99 °C for 3 min can guarantee control of Bohemian knotweed in infested soils supporting the steam treatment as a potential method of disinfecting soil against invasive species. However, depending on the intended re-use of the soil, further studies are needed on the effect of potential negative impacts of high temperatures on the soil quality.
Authors
Seyedbehnam Hashemi Linn Solli Roald Aasen Jacob Joseph Lamb Svein Jarle Horn Kristian Myklebust LienAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Paulina Paluchowska Marta Janiszewska Erik Lysøe Simeon Rossmann Mirella Ludwiczewska Zhimin Yin May Bente Brurberg Jadwiga ŚliwkaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Forest management is an important tool for GHG mitigation by representing three carbon pools: living biomass, forest soil, and wood-based products. Additionally, increasing attention has been given to the potential for wood products to substitute fossil-intensive products as a climate mitigation strategy. The goal of this paper is to analyse the theoretical GHG effects of fully replacing four common non-wood products with wood-based products of ‘low’ and ‘high’ technology options that have a similar functionality: (1) Spruce particle board substituting polyurethane (PU) foam insulation board; (2) spruce cross-laminated timber beam (CLT) substituting steel beam; (3) birch energy wood substituting electric heating; and (4) birch plywood substituting plaster board. The analysis was based on forestry in Western Norway as a case study, where forests typically consist of naturally generated birch and expanding areas of planted Norway spruce. In this study we compare wood products derived from paired stands of Norway spruce and downy birch. The analysis showed that spruce gave a higher theoretical substitution effect relative to birch for the selected pairs of woody and non-woody products. CLT substituting steel beam gave the highest substitution effect, approximately 15% higher than particle board substituting PU foam board. The theoretical substitution effect in mass units of carbon per kg wood product for the two spruce wood products was approximately 17 times higher relative to substituting Norwegian hydro energy-based electric heating, whereas plywood substituting plaster board may in fact increase GHG emissions. As the gross emissions were relatively similar for the birch plywood and the spruce particle board, the major substitution effect was related to the avoided emission of the non-woody product rather than to the tree species per se. The paper concludes that the choice of product to be substituted was the key factor that determined the final substitution effects. Furthermore, the study showed that transportation was the single most important factor that affected the emissions between planting and delivery of the timber at production gate. The analysis enables informed decisions related to CO2-emissions at the various steps from tree planting to wood conversion, and underline the importance of informed decision related to the choice of substitution products.
Authors
Andre van Eerde Aniko Varnai Yanliang Wang Lisa Paruch John-Kristian Jameson Fen Qiao Hans Geir Eiken Hang Su Vincent Eijsink Jihong Liu ClarkeAbstract
Giant panda could have bamboo as their exclusive diet for about 2 million years because of the contribution of numerous enzymes produced by their gut bacteria, for instance laccases. Laccases are blue multi-copper oxidases that catalyze the oxidation of a broad spectrum of phenolic and aromatic compounds with water as the only byproduct. As a “green enzyme,” laccases have potential in industrial applications, for example, when dealing with degradation of recalcitrant biopolymers, such as lignin. In the current study, a bacterial laccase, Lac51, originating from Pseudomonas putida and identified in the gut microbiome of the giant panda’s gut was transiently expressed in the non-food plant Nicotiana benthamiana and characterized. Our results show that recombinant Lac51 exhibits bacterial laccase properties, with optimal pH and temperature at 7–8 and 40°C, respectively, when using syringaldazine as substrate. Moreover, we demonstrate the functional capability of the plant expressed Lac51 to oxidize lignin using selected lignin monomers that serve as substrates of Lac51. In summary, our study demonstrates the potential of green and non-food plants as a viable enzyme production platform for bacterial laccases. This result enriches our understanding of plant-made enzymes, as, to our knowledge, Lac51 is the first functional recombinant laccase produced in plants.
Authors
P.W. Barnes J.F. Bornman K.K. Pandey G.H. Bernhard R.E. Neale S.A. Robinson P.J. Neale R.G. Zepp S. Madronich C.C. White M.P.S. Andersen A.L. Andrady P.J. Aucamp A.F. Bais A.T. Banaszak M. Berwick L.S. Bruckman S.N. Byrne Bente Føreid D.-P. Häder A.M. Heikkilä L.M. Hollestein W.-C. Hou S. Hylander M.A.K. Jansen A.R. Klekociuk J.B. Liley J. Longstreth R.M. Lucas J. Martinez-Abaigar R.L. McKenzie K. McNeill C.M. Olsen R. Ossola N.D. Paul L.E. Rhodes T.M. Robson K.C. Rose T. Schikowski K.R. Solomon B. Sulzberger J.E. Ukpebor Q.-W. Wang S.-Å. Wängberg C.E. Williamson S.R. Wilson S. Yazar A.R. Young L. Zhu M. ZhuAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Kaare Magne Nielsen Kyrre Linné Kausrud Gunnar Skov Simonsen Martin Steinbakk Pål Trosvik Astrid Louise Wester Yngvild Wasteson Siamak Pour Yazdankhah Øivind Bergh Ole Martin Eklo Erik J. Joner Elisabeth Henie MadslienAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Frank Maas Tore Krogstad Milica Fotiric Akšic Mekjell MelandAbstract
Denne rapporten omhandlar resultat frå kartlegging av næringsstatusen i norske eplehagar. Jord,- blad og fruktprøvar vart samla inn frå ulike eplehagar på Aust- og Vestlandet med variasjon i jordart, innhald og type organisk materiale i åra 2018-2020. Føremålet var å studera samanhengane mellom plantefysiologiske sider i epletreet relatert til jorda, treveksten, avling og fruktkvalitet. Resultat frå det treårige studiet om verknaden av gjødselpraksisar på opptak av mineral i blada, avling og fruktkvallitet hjå ulike eplesortar frå fire regionar er samla i denne rapporten. This report is summarizing results from a survey analyzing the nutrient levels in fruit trees and soil in four fruit growing regions in Norway during the seasons 2018-2020. The aim was to study the relationship between main plant physiological principles in the tree, related to the soil, tree growth, yield, fruit quality, and fruit storage. The results of a three-year study of apple tree fertilization practices on orchard soil fertility, leaf mineral composition, apple tree yields and fruit quality of several apple cultivars in four main apple producing regions in Norway are compiled in this report.
Authors
Ulrike BayrAbstract
No abstract has been registered