Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2008
Sammendrag
In this project plant and vegetation preferences of two Norwegian dairy cattle breeds with different selection history were studied. The Norwegian dairy breed Blacksided Trønder and Nordland Cattle (STN) has never been selected efficiently for higher milk production. The other breed, however, the Norwegian Red (NR), has mainly been selected for this. Two herds both consisting of STN and NR cows, were studied. To examine the animals\" plant preferences, faeces samples were collected and analysed for plant fragments. Vegetation maps were also used to find possible differences in grazing preferences. Breed differences with regard to recorded plant fragments in the faeces samples were significant for Nardus stricta, a species characteristic for nutrient poor but mostly species rich vegetation types in the studied areas, vegetation types of high importance for the biodiversity especially in one of the areas. STN had the highest share of Nardus stricta. Altogether the results of the study indicate that a higher producing cattle breed might prefer to graze more nutrient rich vegetation areas compared to a lower yielding cattle breed, when grazing less nutrient and base rich - but species rich grasslands.
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Sammendrag
The current report is a background for a Pest Risk Assessment (PRA) of the bark beetle species Ips amitinus in the PRA area of Norway, following the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures ISPM 11 (FAO 2004). The report is based on updated information about distribution, pathogenicity and ecological information, which add to a previous PRA for this species. It is concluded that the risk of establishment is high with the current import and management practices. I. amitinus may potentially cause significant tree damage alone or in interaction with Ips typographus; however, the outcome is very much dependent on scenarios of climate development and population dynamics.
Forfattere
Wim de Vries Svein Solberg Matthias Dobbertin Hubert Sterba Daniel Laubhann Gert Jan Reinds Gert-Jan Nabuurs Per Gundersen Mark A. SuttonSammendrag
Nitrogennedfallet i skog virker gjødslende på skog, og fører derfor til økt karbonbinding. Så selv om nitrogennedfallet er en forurensning, så har det den positive effekt at det bidrar til å motvirke klimaendringene. Spørsmålet er hvor stor denne effekten er. Vi har i vårt EU/Forest Focus-prosjekt ”Assessment of the relative importance of nitrogen deposition, climate change and forest management on the sequestration of carbon at intensive monitoring plots in Europe” estimert denne effekten til å være omkring 30 kg ekstra bundet karbon for hver kg nitrogen som blir avsatt i skog...
Forfattere
Rastislav Solár Miroslav Mamo Janka Dibdiakova Ladislav Reinprecht Milo Pánek Jozef HudecSammendrag
A series of comparable specimens of hornbeam wood were submitted to pre-treatments by white-rot fungi and by alkali, or alkali followed by oxidation agents. The pre-treatments caused weight loss of wood and modified its physical properties and chemical composition.All pre-treatments reduced axial permeability of the test specimens in wet state (w FSP). The pre-treatments of the test specimens by diluted sodium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide followed by hydrogen peroxide, however increased rate of diffusion in direction parallel to grain. The pre-treatments also made the kinetics of wood/water interactions in its initial phase much higher, especially when the white-rot fungi were used.The chemical pre-treatments of hornbeam wood caused its extreme final swelling, and on the other hand, a careful drying to initial moisture content resulted in its deep collapse. An increased rate of wood/water interactions, higher uptake of water and higher diffusion coefficients of wood pre-treated by alkali may play a positive role in the pulping processes.
Forfattere
Rastislav Solár Frantiek Kaík Ladislav Reinprecht Marta Laurová Jarmila Geffertová Janka DibdiakovaSammendrag
A series of comparable specimens of hornbeam wood were submitted to fungal and chemical pretreatments. Two strains of erosive white-rot fungi (P. chrysosporium and T. versicolor) and a lignin-selective fungus C. subvermispora were used. Chemical pretreatments were carried out with diluted sodium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide and then by hydrogen peroxide, or per-acetic acid. Both biotic and abiotic pre-treatments modified the chemical composition of wood and were accompanied by its weight loss. The applied fungi apparently delignified the specimens, however at the expense of cellulose, especially when the erosive strains of fungi were used. The chemical pretreatments caused deep deacetylation, and milder delignification of wood and did not cause an apparent loss of cellulose. Biotic pretreatments of hornbeam wood, despite their marked delignification effect, led to unexpected increase in the contents of residual lignin in the resulting kraft pulps. On the other hand, pulping of the chemically pre-treated chips yielded pulps with low contents of residual lignin and much higher brightness.
Forfattere
Ragnhild Hafskjold Nærstad Arne Hermansen Tore BjorSammendrag
A series of field trials combining cultivars with different levels of resistance to Phythophtora infestans and different haulm killing methods was conducted in 1997, 1998 and 1999 to assess the contamination potential of the haulm. In addition, the frequency of tubers with late blight was assessed after harvest and storage, combining effects of pretreatment infection, infection by the haulm at harvest and the development of the disease during storage. Haulm killing was performed by diquat (200, 400, 600 g a.i. ha-1), half cutting of the haulm in combination with diquat (100, 200, 300 g a.i. ha-1) or full cutting of the haulm. In those treatments where haulm killing was performed purely chemically the haulm remnants¿ contamination potential tended to increase at reduced doses. Full mechanical destruction gave as low a contamination potential as application of the full dose of chemical haulm killer. However, there were no consistent differences between the haulm killing treatments in the frequency of blighted tubers after harvest and storage. This indicates that the input of chemical haulm killers may be reduced. There was a large difference between years in tuber blight after harvest and storage, which confirms that climatic factors are of major importance for tuber infection. The large difference found between the cultivars in the frequency of tuber blight indicates that tuber resistance should be an important part of integrated late blight disease management.
Forfattere
Kathrine Høybakk Anita Tøsse T. Nilsen Silje Engdal Bent Håvard Hellum Jens Rohloff Mette Thomsen Odd Georg NilsenSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Sissel Hansen Marina Azzaroli Bleken Bishal K. SitaulaSammendrag
No abstract has been registered