Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
1991
Authors
Halvor SolheimAbstract
The Eurasian sprucc bark beetle, Ips typogaphus carries spores of several fungi induding Ophiostoma bicolor, O. pellicillatum and O. polonicum. However, after attack on Norway spruce trees O. polonicum is the pioneer invader of the sapwood while other species follow. To determine the causes behind this distinct succession experiments were performed comparing growth rate, tolerance to oxygen-deficient conditions and to spruce resin between these early invaders. In sealed tubes with limited oxygen. O. polonicum grew for a longer time than three other species regularly associated with I. typagraphus in Norway. The non-volatile components of lesion resin induced by fungal attack, as opposed to preformed resin, inhihited the growth of all species, but partirularly O. polonicum. O. polonicum grew rapidly on malt agar, but not faster than some of the other species associated with I. typographus. It is concluded that rapid growth and the abilily lo tolerate low oxygen pressure are important attributes for primary invaders, allowing tree resistance mechanisms to be overcome following mass inoculation.
Authors
Oddvar SkreAbstract
There was a strong accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in the root and stem tissue, particularly at low temperatures and short daylengths. This was most obvious in the arctic birch population. The highest nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation was, on the other hand, found in leaves at high temperatures and moderate daylengths. As a result the C/N ratio between the total non-structural carbohydrate and total nitrogen content decreased with increasing temperature. The ecological significance of these results were discussed.
Authors
Erik ChristiansenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Carl Gunnar FossdalAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Anders Göransson Toril Drabløs EldhusetAbstract
The effects of aluminium concentrations between 0.2 and 30 mM at pH 3.8 0.2 on small plants of Norway spruce [(Picea abies (L.) Karst], Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and Scots pine infected with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus bovinus (L. ex Fr.) O. Kuntze were investigated. The plants were grown at maximum relative growth rate (RG % day1) with free access but very low external concentrations of nutrients. Steady-state conditions with respect to relative growth rate (RG) and internal nutrient concentrations were achieved before addition of aluminium, which was added as AlCl3 and/or Al(NO3)3. There were reductions in rg at aluminium concentrations of 0.3 mM in spruce, 6 mM in pine and 10 mM in ectomycorrhizal pine, i. e. at aluminium concentrations considerably higher than those normally occurring in the top layer of the mineral soil where most fine roots are found. Nutrient uptake rate per unit root growth rate was calculated for different nutrient elements. The uptake rate of calcium and magnesium was reduced at aluminium concentrations of 0.2 mM (spruce), 1 mM (pine) and 3 mM (ectomycorrhizal pine), without influencing Rg. The results question the validity of the hypothesis of aluminium toxicity to forest tree species at low external concentrations.
Authors
Oddvar SkreAbstract
Seedlings of four populations from the two mentioned species were grown for 6 weeks in varying temperature, light and daylength. In accordance with earlier studies there was a strong latitudinal effect on the critical daylengths for growth. There was also a weaker, but significant effect due to altitude. Large differences were also found in growth pattern and compensation mechanisms. Fast-growing lowland populations reacted to low light levels and high temperatures by increasing their shoot/root ratios and the temperature optimum for shoot elongation. In mountain birch from Kevo, northern Finland, plants reacted to increasing temperatures by increasing their net assimilation rates. The shoot/root ratios and leaf area ratios were highest at the early stages of growth while maximum net assimilation occurred later. This illustrates the high priority in birch for leaf growth. In all populations except the northern population the plants grew better in alternating day and night temperatures than at the corresponding constant temperature.
Authors
Per Holm Nygaard Gunnar AbrahamsenAbstract
A study on the effects of eight years application of artificial acid rain on the vegetation and soil in an old Scots pine forest is described. Artificial rain of pH 2.5 and 3.0 caused severe damage to mosses, especially Pleurozium schreberi and Dicranum polysetum. The presence of Melampyrum pratense decreased drastically in plots treated with rain of pH 2.5 and 3.0. In Vaccinium myrtillus reduced leaf production was found in plots treated with rain of pH 2.5. A considerable decrease in base saturation had taken place in plots treated with pH 2.5 and pH 3.0 rain. Exchangeable calcium and magnesium in particular had been reduced, and the content of mangnesium in tissue of Vaccinium myrtillus appeared also to be reduced in plots treated with water of pH 2.5. The study demonstrates the need for better methods in evaluating vegetation responses in field studies. The use of visual cover recording should be supplemented by frequency analysis and harvesting methods to get better estimates of changes in vegetation structure.
Authors
Oddvar SkreAbstract
Support is given for the dark respiration as a limiting factor for growth at low temperatures. The existence of a so-called alternative respiration that is not linked to the growth process, supports this hypothesis, because of its possible function as a stabilizing factor (overflow function). Physiological mechanisms influencing plant survival in a cold environment and tree-line forming processes are discussed.
Authors
Gunnar Ogner Magne Opem Gabriele Remedios Gro Sjøtveit Britt SørlieAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Carl Gunnar Fossdal O. Nilssen B. Myhre B.H. LindqvistAbstract
No abstract has been registered