Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2002
Authors
Tor MykingAbstract
Additive variation in adaptive traits is a prerequisite for selection and adaptation to future environmental changes, but distribution of adaptive genetic variability between and within populations is poorly known in most forest trees. Owing to this deficiency, life history traits such as geographic range, pollination vector and seed dispersal capability, which significantly affect gene flow and thus the distribution of genetic variability, were used to evaluate the genetic resources in 23 Norwegian native forest tree species. Based on the combination of life history traits the species\" genetic resources were classified either as viable, potentially vulnerable or vulnerable, assuming a decrease in within-population variability in this sequence. Twelve widely distributed species with generally effective dispersal of pollen and seeds were considered viable (Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Juniperus communis, Betula pubescens, B. pendula, Alnus incana, A. glutinosa, Salix caprea, Populus tremula, Corylus avellana, Sorbus aucuparia, Prunus padus) and have as such no particular conservation needs. Effective seed dispersal of these species, as inferred from post-glacial migration rates, may be partly responsible for their generally early post-glacial appearance, and may, in combination with the wide ranges and relatively large evolutionary potential, indicate that viable species are best able to cope with climatic change. Among species with restricted ranges and more limited gene flow eight were considered potentially vulnerable (Quercus petraea, Q. robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Acer platanoides, Taxus baccata, Ilex aquifolium, Fagus sylvatica, Ulmus glabra) and three were considered vulnerable (Tilia cordata, Malus sylvestris, P. avium). Application of different intensities of a multiple population breeding system (MPBS) is considered the most appropriate mode of conserving genetic resources in these species.
Authors
Halvor Torgersen Torstein LislandAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Erlend Ystrøm Haartveit Dag FjeldAbstract
Two games, called “Wood Supply Games”, are developed based on the structure and dynamics of the Beer Game. The games are intended as student exercises in forestry logistics courses. By introducing divergent and convergent flows in the supply chain, the relevance to the forest sector is increased. Results from pilot experiments of the games are presented and discussed in terms of how different degrees of complexity in supply chain structures may affect their efficiency. Measures of efficiency are accumulated costs, amplification of demand and the sample variance of order rates. Results indicate that supply chain performance is negatively affected by increasing rigidity of constraints at points of divergence. Furthermore, lower degrees of efficiency and predictability are observed as complexity of supply chain structure increases. Testing of results and proposed hypotheses can be accomplished by running numerous replications of the games, or alternatively, by development of appropriate simulation models.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Norwegian fluid milk consumption has declined steadily over the last twenty years, despite the dairy industry spending increasing amounts of money on advertising. Using a two-stage model, we investigate whether advertising has increased the demand for milk. No effect of advertising on the demand for non-alcoholic beverages is found in the first stage. In the second stage, an almost ideal demand system including advertising expenditures on competing beverages is estimated. The effects of generic advertising within the beverage group are positive and significant for whole milk and negative and significant for lower fat milk. The own-advertising elasticity for the combined fluid milk group is 0.0008. This highly inelastic elasticity suggests that increased advertising will not be profitable for the producers. Several cross-advertising effects are statistically significant, emphasizing the usefulness of a demand system approach.
Authors
Dan AamlidAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Tore SkrøppaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Lars Sandved Dalen Carl Gunnar Fossdal R. Bhalerao John Beck Jensen Teemu H. TeeriAbstract
Trær dekker over en tredjedel av jordas landareal og står for over to tredjedeler av den globale fotosyntesen. Barskogen i Alaska, Canada, Russland og Norden spenner over 1,2 milliarder hektar og utgjør en fjerdedel av det samlede landarealet til boreal og temperert skog. Mer enn 50% av landarealet i Norden er dekket av skog, for det meste barskog. Det er derfor svært viktig å skaffe kunnskap om bartrærnes responser til biotiske og abiotiske faktorer - både vitenskaplig men også fra et praktisk ståsted. Å samle såkalte Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) utgjør en viktig del av funksjonell genomforskning. Tilfeldig utvalgte cDNA-kloner blir delvis sekvensert, og EST-ene gjenspeiler sammensetningen og nivået på genuttrykket i det vevet som analyseres. I jakten etter interessante genprodukter og muligheter for å kunne studere genuttrykket i gran - den mest vanlige og økonomisk sett viktigste arten i de nordiske skoger - har vi startet et eget EST-prosjekt sammen med samarbeidspartnere i Finland og Sverige. Så langt har vi sekvensert ~3500 cDNA-kloner basert på mRNA isolert fra nåler og cellekulturer. Her presenterer vi frekvensen av de ulike EST-ene, deres sannsynlige funksjon og funksjonelle klassifisering. Målet vårt er å sekvensere ytterligere 20 000 - 30 000 cDNA-kloner fra veddannende vev, fra frøplanter utsatt for tørke, lave temperaturer, patogeninfeksjon etc. samt fra cellekulturer. Vårt langsiktige mål er å utvikle en velkurert og annotert samling av grankloner som kan brukes i forbindelse med mikromatrisestudier.
Authors
Gro HylenAbstract
No abstract has been registered