Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2005
Abstract
Wood samples treated with ammonium copper quat (ACQ 1900 and ACQ 2200), chromated copper arsenate (CCA), Tanalith E 3491 and Wolmanit CX-8 have been studied in accelerated weathering experiments. The weathering experiment was performed by cycles of 2 h UV-light irradiation followed by water spray for 18 min. The changes on the surface of the weathered samples were characterized by roughness and color measurements on the samples with 0, 200, 400 and 600 h of total weathering.The objective of this study was to investigate the changes created by weathering on impregnated wood with several different wood preservatives. This study was performed on the accelerated weathering test cycle, using UVirradiation and water spray in order to simulate natural weathering. Surface roughness and color measurement was used to investigate the changes after several intervals (0200400600 h) in artificial weathering of treated and untreated wood.
Authors
Inge Stupak Møller Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen Antti Asikainen Dominik Röser Anders Lunnan Erik Karltun M. Jonsell M. Schröder R. Ozolincius M. Mandre Talis Gaitnieks Ingeborg Callesen Nicholas Clarke Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari A. Indriksons Morten Ingerslev L. KairiukstisAbstract
The substitution of biomass for fossil fuels in energy consumption is a measure to mitigate global warming, and political action plans at European and national levels exist for an increased use. The use of forest biomass for energy can imply different economic and environmental advantages and disadvantages for the society, the energy sector and forestry. For the achievement of an increased and sustainable use of forest biomass for energy, the WOOD-EN-MAN project aimed at synthesis and creation of new knowledge within the field.
Authors
J. Jacobs Halvor Solheim Brenda D. Wingfield Michael J. WingfieldAbstract
The genus Leptographium was described in 1927 and currently includes 48 species, with L. lundbergii as the type species. In recent years, the taxonomic status of L. lundbergii has not been uniformly agreed upon and it has been the topic of considerable debate. The problem was compounded by the absence of a type specimen, and the species was epitypified at a later stage. Unfortunately, the whereabouts of the epitype is now unknown. In 1983, Wingfield & Marasas described L. truncatum, which is morphologically similar to L. lundbergii. Based on DNA comparisons and similarities in their morphology, this fungus was reduced to synonymy with L. lundbergii. The loss of the type specimen as well as variation in the morphology of strains identified as L. lundbergii prompted us to re-examine the taxonomic status of this species. A number of strains from various geographic areas were studied. These include a strain of L. lundbergii deposited at CBS by Melin in 1929 (CBS 352.29) as well as the ex-type strain of L. truncatum. The strains were compared based on morphology and comparison of multiple gene sequences. Three genes or genic regions, ITS2 and part of the 28S gene, partial â-tubulin and partial elongation factor 1-α were compared. Strains currently identified as L. lundbergii, represented a complex of species. Strains initially described as L. truncatum clustered separately from other L. lundbergii strains, could be distinguished morphologically and should be treated as a distinct taxon. L. lundbergii is provided with a new and expanded description based on a neotype designated for it. A third group was also identified as separate from the main L. lundbergii clade and had a distinct Hyalorhinocladiella-type anamorph, described here as H. pinicola sp.nov.
Authors
Karin Jacobs Brenda D. Wingfield Halvor Solheim Michael J. WingfieldAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
S. Craig DeLong Lori D. Daniels Ben H. Heemskerk Ken Olaf StoraunetAbstract
Time since death and time since fall were estimated for hybrid spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) logs to quantify temporal changes in log decay and habitat quality in east-central British Columbia. We sampled 136 logs (72 spruce and 64 fir) for species, size, and morphological attributes and used dendroecological techniques to estimate year of death (n = 97) and fall (n = 122).Time since death and time since fall of spruce and fir were similar in decay classes 1 and 2; fir was older than spruce in more advanced stages of decay. Discriminant analysis based on time since fall correctly classified logs into four decay classes for 67% and 80% of spruce and fir, respectively.Function as wildlife habitat changed significantly as logs decayed. Logs served as elevated runways for approximately 15 years and then increased in value as habitat for invertebrates and insectivores as wood softened and vegetation established. Concealed spaces increased as the wood decomposed but decreased when logs collapsed.We conclude that decay classes represent biologically and statistically significant stages of log decomposition that are relevant to wildlife habitat and therefore provide a useful construct for model development and field interpretation.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Bent Christen Braskerud M. van der Sluijs Ivan Digernes Inggard Blakar Anne Grete BlankenbergAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Bent Christen Braskerud M. van der Sluijs Ivan Digernes Inggard Blakar Anne Grete BlankenbergAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Fadi Suliman Helen French Lars Egil Haugen Bjørn Kløve Petter D. JenssenAbstract
Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands have proven their efficiency in treating wastewater and removing the pollutants of concern. Treatment efficiency depends on the wastewater residence time, which is a function of the hydraulic loading and the physical conditions of the constructed filter system, which can be described with effective parameters such as: hydraulic conductivity, porosity, dispersivity etc. Because spatial variability is often scale dependent, these effective parameters may be affected by the scale of the system being studied. In this paper the results of tracer experiments in constructed filters using saturated horizontal flow at three scales (small and medium lab scales and full-scale system) using the same filter media is reported. Light-weight aggregate (filter media termed Filtralite-pTM) was used at all scales. Increasing the scale was associated with increasing dispersivity, meanwhile hydraulic conductivity experienced dramatic reduction and variation by increasing the examined scale. Observed changes in the hydraulic parameters indicate that heterogeneity at dtfferent scales should be taken into account when the performance of LWA filters are evaluated from small-scale experiments.
Authors
Per Gundersen Jan-Olov Weslien Bjarni D. Sigurdsson Magne Sætersdal Leena Finér Ingeborg CallesenAbstract
Forest ecosystems provide many deliverables or benefits to society. The most obvious one is wood for the forest industry. Other benefits include berries, hunting, and recreation. More recently recognised benefits are environmental services such as carbon sequestration, water protection and biodiversity, which are without an immediate market value.On the other hand, there are pressures (e.g. climate change, air pollution, exploitation, and costs) on the ecosystem that may hamper the wood production or other benefits......