Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
1995
Forfattere
Franck Brignolas B. Lacroix François Lieutier Daniel Sauvard A. Drouet A.C. Claudot A. Yart Alan A. Berryman Erik ChristiansenSammendrag
Two Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) clones, one resistant and the other susceptible to mass inoculation with Ophiostoma polonicum Siem., were compared with regard to their phenolic compositions and chalcone synthase (CHS) and stilbene synthase activities of their phloem before and at 6 and 12 d after artificial inoculation with sterile malt agar or O. polonicum. In unwounded phloem, the resistant clone differed from the susceptible clone by the presence of taxifolin glycoside, lower concentrations of stilbene glycosides, and higher CHS activity. After inoculation, ()-catechin concentration and CHS activity dramatically increased around the wound, particularly in the resistant clone. Stilbene synthase activity also increased, but more slowly and to a lower level, whereas the concentrations of stilbenes remained stable. Tanning ability decreased in the susceptible done, whereas it remained stable in the resistant one. It is proposed that the induced phenolic response of Norway spruce phloem consists of an activation of the phenolic pathway, finally leading to tannins and insoluble polymers. It is suggested that resistance to O. polonicum depends on the ability of the tree to easily activate the flavonoid pathway.
Forfattere
Anders LönneborgSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
B. Långstrøm Claes Hellqvist Halvor Solheim Rolf Gref François LieutierSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Dan AamlidSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Arne Olav Stuanes O. Janne Kjønaas Helga van MiegroetSammendrag
Nitrogen has been added to a forested 0.52 ha headwater catchment at Gårdsjön on the southwest coast of Sweden to study the ecosystem response to elevated nitrogen deposition. The catchment is dominated by naturally generated, mixed-age conifers, mainly Norway spruce, with Scots pine in dry areas. After a pre-treatment period of about 1 year, nitrogen was added to the whole catchment as ammonium nitrate by means of sprinklers at an intensity of 3 mm h-1 (average concentration 230 mmol N1-1). Total nitrogen input as throughfall to the catchment increased from the ambient 12.5 kg N ha-1 year-1 in the pre-treatment year to a total of 47.3 kg N ha-1 year-1 in the treatment years. Soil solutions were collected using tension lysimeters at four locations covering a moisture gradient from the dry upper to the wet lower parts of the watershed. Results from these locations were compared with soil solution composition at two locations in a nearby control catchment. After 2 years of nitrogen addition, the volume-weighted average nitrate concentrations in the treated catchment were higher than the pretreatment values, especially in the upper soil. Concentrations showed a progressive increase over time. The lack of the same increasing trend in the control catchment precludes natural variations in climatic conditions as the main cause for this increase. Relative to inputs, nitrate concentrations in soil solution were low and showed large variations between the drier and wetter locations. Differences in nitrate concentrations between pre-treatment and treatment periods declined with soil depth, indicating that most of the added nitrogen was consumed in the upper soil. The results from soil solution do not indicate increased nitrogen leaching below the rooting zone in the treated catchment and thus based on these results alone there is as yet no indication of nitrogen saturation.
Forfattere
Albert Tietema Richard Frederic Wright Kai Blanck M. Bredemeier Bridget A. Emmett Per Gundersen H. Hultberg O. Janne Kjønaas Filip Moldan J.G.M. Roelofs Patrick Schleppi Arne Olav Stuanes N. van BreemenSammendrag
In large regions of Europe and eastern North America atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen (N) compounds has greatly increased the natural external supply to forest ecosystems. This leads to N saturation, in which availability of inorganic N is in excess of biological demand and the ecosystem is unable to retain all incoming N. The large-scale experiments of the NITREX project (NITRogen saturation EXperiments) are designed to provide information regarding the patterns and rates of responses of coniferous forest ecosystems to increases in N deposition and the reversibility and recovery of impacted ecosystems following reductions in N deposition.The timing of ecosystem response generally followed a hypothesized cascade of response. In all sites N outputs have responded markedly but to very different degrees within the first three years of treatment. Within this time significant effects on soil processes and on vegetation have only been detected at two sites. This delayed response is explained by the large capacity of the soil system to buffer the increased N supply by microbial immobilization and adsorption. We believe that this concept provides a framework for the evaluation and prediction of the ecosystem response to environmental change.