Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2006
Authors
Anders BrynAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Filip Moldan O. Janne Kjønaas Arne Olav Stuanes Richard Frederic WrightAbstract
Beginning in 1991, we have added nitrogen (N) to the 0.5-ha, N-poor, coniferous-forested catchment G2 NITREX at Gårdsjön, Sweden, to investigate the consequences of chronic elevated N deposition. We have added 40 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in fortnightly doses of NH4NO3 to the ambient 15 kg N ha−1 yr−1 by means of a sprinkling system. NO3 concentrations in runoff increased during 13 years from < 1 to 70 μeq L−1, and in 2004 comprised about 10% of N input. Inhibition of NO3 immobilisation due to increased availability of NH4 might explain the increased leaching of NO3. C and N pools in the forest floor increased but C/N ratio has not changed. The increase in NO3 leaching thus occurred independently of change in C/N ratio. The results from Gårdsjön demonstrate that increased leaching of inorganic N and decrease in C/N ratio respond to increased N deposition at greatly different time scales. NO3 concentrations increased in runoff although the C/N ratio of forest floor has not changed.
Authors
Torstein KvammeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Andreas TreuAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
When using chitosan as an antifungal agent in wood it is important to understand which factors contribute to a higher fixation ratio to optimize the utilization of chitosan, the active component. Small pine samples were impregnated with chitosan solutions varying in molecular weight, concentration, pH, polymerization agent, acid and degree of deacetylation. Different post-treatments such as time, temperature, moisture content and the effect of present air were applied to the samples to evaluate the effect on the relative retention. After impregnation, the samples, with a volume of 1.5 cm3, were leached in separate test-tubes according to EN-84. The samples were prepared in a paired design where both samples were impregnated, but only one was leached. Both leached and unleached samples were analysed for their chitosan content, and the relative ratio was used as a measure for the relative retention of chitosan during leaching. The results from these trials show that pH in the range of 5.1-5.9 is favourable. The molecular weight should be as high as possible yet able to penetrate the wood structure, and the use of acetic acid gives far better fixation than the use of hydrochloric acid.
Authors
Erik LarnøyAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Toril Drabløs EldhusetAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Dissolved aluminium was fractionated in the field and the laboratory using a cation exchange method. Although absolute differences between results obtained from field and laboratory fractionations were generally small, relative differences, expressed as the ratio between labile aluminium determined after laboratory fractionation (Alll) and that obtained after field fractionation (Allf), could be large. The differences found were not statistically significant, although this may simply reflect the spread in the results. Alll/Allf had no apparent relationship with the temperature difference between the field and the lab. Although some significant correlations were found between Alll/Allf and H+, no significant correlations were found with the equivalent relative difference in {H+} between the lab and the field. Neither was any significant correlation found with dissolved organic carbon.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Gerhard Weiss Suzanne Martin Anne Matilainen Birger Vennesland Carmen Nastase Erlend Nybakk Laura BouriaudAbstract
The article investigates innovation processes in the field of recreational services of forests. It takes a close look on innovation cases from five European countries with different institutional backgrounds in terms of forest ownership and access rights to forest land. The analysis first of all shows that forest related recreation services are developed in different institutional conditions and on public as well as private land. Financing is provided from public and private sources. Ideas may come from within and outside the forestry sector, however, impulses from outside seems to be of primary importance. In sum it can be said that both public and private spheres have important roles in providing natural, financial and human resources and usually a network of public and private actors are involved in innovation processes. Of particular importance are cross-sectoral interactions between forestry and tourism. A greater institutional support is needed for the development of forest related recreation services as the field is at the beginning of its development. Support should focus on providing ideas and financial resources for product development and on facilitating cross-sectoral interaction between forestry and tourism actors. A particular need is seen to develop models for durable interaction between land-owners and tourism operators on a regional scale.