Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2026
Forfattere
Paal Krokene Beatrix Alsanius Jorunn Børve Daniel Flø Christer Magnusson Mogens Nicolaisen Line Nybakken Johan A. Stenberg Selamawit Tekle Iben M. Thomsen Sandra A. I. Wright May SæthreSammendrag
EPPO-listed plant pests were assessed and ranked according to the overall risk they pose to Norwegian plant health. Based on probability of entry, probability of establishment (including spread), and potential impact on plant health, pests were classified into five risk classes: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low risk. In this first progress report VKM has assessed 61 pests: 24 fungi, 12, nematodes, 11 insects, eight viruses, and six bacteria. None of these were assessed to pose very high risk, while one pest (Fusarium euwallaceae) was assessed to pose high risk. Six pests were assessed to pose moderate risk: Dendroctonus ponderosae, Tuta absoluta, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, Verticillium dahliae hop strains, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria, and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans. The remaining pests were assessed to pose low risk (16 pests) or very low risk (38 pests) to Norwegian plant health.
Forfattere
Alisa Postma Leandri Klynsmith Tuan A. Duong Jeremy Dean Allison Werner Smidt Robert M. Waterhouse Peter Lesny Jan Philip Øyen Malte Petersen Sebastian Martin Shanlin Liu Xin Zhou Tanja Ziesmann Alexander Donath Christoph Mayer Bernhard Misof Oliver Niehuis Ralph S. Peters Lars Podsiadlowski Martin P.A. Coetzee Fourie Joubert Bernard SlippersSammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Paal Krokene Beatrix Alsanius Jorunn Børve Daniel Flø Christer Magnusson Mogens Nicolaisen Line Nybakken Johan A. Stenberg Selamawit Tekle Iben M. Thomsen Sandra A. I. Wright May SæthreSammendrag
EPPO-listed plant pests were assessed and ranked according to the overall risk they pose to Norwegian plant health. Based on probability of entry, probability of establishment (including spread), and potential impact on plant health, pests were classified into five risk classes: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low risk. In this second progress report VKM has assessed 69 pests: 53 insects and mites, eight bacteria, four viruses, three fungi, and one chromista. No pests were assessed to pose very high or high risk. Six pests were assessed to pose moderate risk: Choristoneura fumiferana, Dendrolimus superans, Grapholita packardi, Potexvirus pepini, Tobamovirus fructirugosum, and Xylella fastidiosa. The remaining 63 pests were assessed to pose low risk (20 pests) or very low risk (43 pests) to Norwegian plant health.
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Sammendrag
Poster presented at SETAC 2026. Plastic waste in the environment has been suggested as a potential carrier for azoles and other pesticides, which may contribute to the selection and spread of fungal resistance to azole-based medicines and pesticides. Here, we report results from pesticide analyses of plastic litter collected across Norway. Although many of the 120 plastic samples were weathered and small, we detected pesticides and other contaminants on 36 of the samples, including azoles on 13 of them. Azole concentrations ranged from 2-66 µg/kg plastic litter. The concentrations of the other contaminants ranged from 1 to 731 µg/kg plastic litter, with the highest finding of the herbicide fluroxypyr-meptyl on a piece of hayball plastic wrap. 18 of the litter samples with findings were found in forest habitats, whereas 17 samples were sampled from farmland and grassland. The findings suggest certain pesticides and biocides, including azoles, bind more strongly to plastic than previously assumed, allowing contaminants to persist and spread beyond agricultural areas into natural habitats. This raises concerns about environmental transport of antifungal agents and the potential acceleration of resistance development, posing risks to health and ecosystems.
Forfattere
José E. Pérez-Martín Femke Batsleer Martijn L. Vandegehuchte Ivan M. De-La-Cruz Carolina Diller José F. Sánchez-Sevilla Anne Muola Johan A. Stenberg Timo Hytönen Dries Bonte David Posé Sonia OsorioSammendrag
Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation jointly shape plant responses to environmental variation, but their relative contributions and trait-specific interactions remain poorly understood. (1) We quantified metabolites and measured growth, reproduction and herbivore resistance-related traits in 15 Fragaria vesca genotypes from a European latitudinal gradient grown reciprocally in four common gardens over two years. (2) Environment explained most trait variance (30%), followed by genotype × environment interactions (18%) indicating evolved plasticity, then genotype (9%). (3) Northern genotypes exhibited greater plasticity in stress-related metabolites but more canalization in growth-related traits, while southern genotypes maintained constitutively high levels of protective metabolites; this resulted in latitude shaping more than 4% of plasticity profiles. (4) Long-term temperature at origin outperformed precipitation in predicting trait variation across all categories. Synthesis. Plasticity dominates over local adaptation along climate gradients but evolves in a trait-specific manner as a heritable target of selection, buffering populations against climate shifts while also shaping the pace of genetic tracking, critical for predicting range dynamics under climate change.
Forfattere
Anne Straumfors Anani Komlavi Afanou Oda Astrid Haarr Foss Abdelhameed Elameen Mikkel Meyn Liljegren Hans Geir EikenSammendrag
Abstract Background: Pesticides are used in greenhouse cultivation to control fungi and pests and to shape plant growth. This influences microbial communities and may increase the selective pressure for resistant species development. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health challenge, and while AMR dispersal through soil and water is well studied, the role of bioaerosols as AMR vectors remains insufficiently explored. Objectives: To explore the link between chemical pesticide and the prevalence of AMR genes in aerosols from greenhouses using pesticides and those not using them. Methods: Forty-nine fullshift personal samples of inhalable dust were collected in eight greenhouses from 2021 and 2024. Five greenhouses used chemical pesticides and three did not. DNA was extracted and screened for the presence of 45 clinically relevant AMR genes using HT-qPCR. Results: Twenty of the 45 screened genes were detected. Greenhouses using pesticides showed significantly higher AMR gene levels than those not using chemicals. Several genes, particularly β-lactam and tetracycline resistance genes, occurred in high concentrations, including extreme values exceeding 60,000 gene copies/m³. This suggest that pesticide-using greenhouses may represent a greater risk for AMR dispersal. In contrast, greenhouses without chemical pesticide showed lower and more stable AMR gene levels. Factors other than pesticide application may also contribute, such as import of treated plants, soil and fertilizer materials, plant types or individual workers. Further research is needed to assess the health risks for greenhouse workers and to support the development of effective strategies for preventing and controlling AMR spread.
Sammendrag
No abstract has been registered
Forfattere
Dalphy Ondine Camira Harteveld Abdelhameed Elameen Simo Maduna Adam Vivian-Smith Andrea Podavkova Sabine Oettl Stefanie Maria Primisser Jorunn BørveSammendrag
Small, superficial rot spots occurring around lenticels postharvest on apple in Norway have not been identified but were assumed to be underdeveloped Neofabraea lesions. Fungal isolation from such spots on fruit from the 2022 season revealed both Neofabraea perennans and Ramularia spp., identified by B-tubulin and ITS sequencing, respectively. In the 2023 season, isolations were made from fruit with spots resembling dry lenticel spot caused by Ramularia mali. The aim of this study was to identify the Ramularia species associated with the postharvest fruit spots in Norway. Multiple gene regions of five Norwegian isolates (E20, E21 from 2022; 13,15 and 18 from 2023) and three reference isolates, R. mali, R. eucalypti, and R. collo-cygni, were sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. The Norwegian isolates were distinct from the included reference isolates, but clustered with other Ramularia species. Isolates 13, 18 and E21 clustered with Ramularia vizellae, while isolates 15 and E20 were most closely related to Ramularia phacae-frigidae. Isolate E20 was sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION platform. Pathogenicity was assessed in a field inoculation study using isolate E21, resulting in typical spot development on inoculated fruit. Ramularia vizellae has previously been reported from dead apple leaf litter and other woody hosts in the Netherlands and Iran, while R. phacae-frigidae was originally described from Phaca frigida in Switzerland. Neither species has previously been reported in association with apple fruit spotting. While Ramularia mali has caused outbreaks on apple in several European countries, recent studies hypothesize that the symptoms may be caused by a species complex with regional variation. The present results identify candidate species contributing to this complex in Norway and highlight the need for further studies to improve species delimitation and pathogenicity.
Sammendrag
Plant genotypes can vary in multiple functional traits due to adaptation to heterogenous environments. However, whether such variation can extrapolate to effects on soils and further on performance of subsequent plants, thus generating a genotypic variation in soil legacy, remains unclear. In this study, we studied how plant genotypic variation impacts soil legacy when exposed to aboveground insect herbivores. We used 11 wild genotypes of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) experimentally exposed to leaf beetles (Galerucella tenella) to condition live soil. We then replaced the conditioning plants with naïve plants to examine soil legacy effects on growth and resistance on the subsequent plant genotype (referred to as the focal genotype) against the generalist herbivore Spodoptera littoralis. This allowed us to test the extent to which plant genotypic variation in soil legacy is altered by aboveground herbivory. We found an overall positive soil legacy effect of woodland strawberry, indicated by 69.9% higher belowground biomass of the subsequent focal genotype grown in conditioned soil compared to in unconditioned soil. We also observed a genotype-dependent soil legacy effect on performance of S. littoralis indicated as relative growth rates reduced by 37.9% on the subsequent focal genotype in soil conditioned by the focal genotype itself compared to by other genotypes, though the legacy effect was cancelled out when conditioning genotypes were exposed to G. tenella herbivory. A genotypic variation was further detected in soil legacy on the efficiency of conversion of ingested food by S. littoralis caterpillars feeding on the focal genotype. However, the genotypic variation was only present when the focal genotype was excluded from the conditioning genotypes at the exposure of G. tenella herbivory. Collectively, our study shows a conditional plant genotype-dependent soil legacy effect on herbivore resistance (measured as herbivore performance) rather than on plant growth, and the magnitude of the legacy effects depends on both the identity of the conditioning genotypes and the measures of the herbivore resistance. The findings of this study provide new insights into how plant genotypes or herbivory affects soil feedback on plant growth and herbivore resistance.